AI Diabetic Retinopathy Screening in a Primary Care Setting in Rural Maine
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Real-world implementation of diabetic retinopathy screening with artificial intelligence-assisted care pathways has accelerated globally since 2020.
“Real-world implementation of DR screening with AI-assisted care pathways has accelerated globally since 20208,13–22, yet evidence on clinical and health system outcomes such as referral uptake remains limited.”
From Referral uptake after diabetic retinopathy screening with artificial intelligence-assisted care pathways: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2026) · cites this paper as [19]
The Methods describe a real-world AI-assisted screening and referral pathway at one rural Maine clinic from 2021 to 2023. The paper does not establish that implementation accelerated globally since 2020; its stated scope is a single healthcare system in one state. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Cites
Cost-effectiveness of artificial intelligence screening for diabetic retinopathy in rural China
Huang, X.-M., Yang, B.-F., Zheng, W.-L., Liu, Q., Xiao, F., Ouyang, P.-W., Li, M.-J., Li, X.-Y., Meng, J., Zhang, T.-T., et al. (2022) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-022-07655-6 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Liu, J., Gibson, E., Ramchal, S., Shankar, V., Piggott, K., Sychev, Y., Li, A. S., Rao, P. K., Margolis, T. P., Fondahn, E., et al. (2021) · Ophthalmology Retina · doi:10.1016/j.oret.2020.06.016 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Wolf, R. M., Channa, R., Lehmann, H. P., Abramoff, M. D., & Liu, T. Y. A. (2024) · Clinical Diabetes · doi:10.2337/cd23-0019 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
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Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Mathenge W, Whitestone N, Nkurikiye J, et al. Impact of artificial intelligence assessment of diabetic retinopathy on referral service uptake in a low-resource setting: the RAIDERS randomized trial. Oph- thalmol Sci. 2022;2(4):100168.
- Nolan BM, DayBranch ER, Barton K, Korsen N. Patient and provider experience with artificial intelligence screening technology for dia- betic retinopathy in a rural primary care setting. J Maine Med Cent. 2023;5(2):2.
- Zhelev Z, Peters J, Rogers M, et al. Test accuracy of artificial intelli- gence-based grading of fundus images in diabetic retinopathy screen- ing: a systematic review. J Med Screen. 2023;30(3): 97-112.
- Channa R, Wolf RM, Abràmoff MD, Lehmann HP, et al. Effectiveness of artificial intelligence screening in preventing vision loss from diabe- tes: a policy model. NPJ Digit Med. 2023;6(1):53.
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Leigh, J. A., Sherrington, A., Barber, A. R. J., Turner, A. W., Kidd, M., Powell, J., & Pope, C. (2026) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-026-02616-3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Heuer, R., DayBranch, E., Tsomides, A., DiBiase, J. F., Korsen, N., & Nolan, B.
- Affiliations
- Maine Medical Center (US)
- MaineHealth (US)
- University of New England (US)
- Western Maine Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Heuer, Rachel
- Venue
- Journal of General Internal Medicine
- Published
- 2025-01-06
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2465-2467
- ISSN
- 0884-8734 (ISSN-L)
- 1525-1497
- PMC
- PMC12343433
- OpenAlex
- W4406095736
- Cited by
- 1
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1
- FWCI
- 0.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of General Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Northern New England Clinical and Translational Research Grant (U54GM115516)
- MaineHealth Innovation Ignite Fund
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal Imaging and Analysis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ophthalmology and Visual Health Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Keywords
- diabetic retinopathy, artificial intelligence, retinal screening, primary care, rural health care
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