The DOI matches its Crossref record; 95 of the 97 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Inner transformation to sustainability as a deep leverage point: fostering new avenues for change through dialogue and reflection
Open accessAbstract
Abstract This article provides a rationale for inner transformation as a key and hitherto underresearched dimension of sustainability transformations. Inner transformation relates to various aspects of human existence and interactions such as consciousness, mindsets, values, worldviews, beliefs, spirituality and human–nature connectedness. The article draws on Meadows’ leverage points approach, as places to intervene in a system, to reveal the relevance of inner transformation for system change towards sustainability. Based on insights from a series of dialogue and reflection workshops and a literature review, this article provides three important contributions to sustainability transformations research: first, it increases our conceptual understanding of inner transformation and its relevance for sustainability; second, it outlines concrete elements of the inner transformation-sustainability nexus in relation to leverage points; and third, it presents practical examples illustrating how to work with leverage points for supporting inner transformation. In sum, the paper develops a systematized and structured approach to understanding inner transformation, including the identification of deep, i.e., highly influential, leverage points. In addition, it critically discusses the often contentious and divergent perspectives on inner transformation and shows related practical challenges. Finally, current developments in inner transformation research as well as further research needs are identified.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Vagal function may provide an appropriate target for objectively measuring the impacts of a wide range of interventions to support connections to self, others and nature, laying the foundations for transformation of the self and progress on the “inner development goals” which are now seen as essential for making progress on the “sustainable development goals” (Wamsler and Brink, 2018; Woiwode et”
From The Complex Construct of Wellbeing and the Role of Vagal Function (2022) · cites this paper as Woiwode et al., 2021
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A safe operating space for humanity
Rockström, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., Persson, Å., Chapin, F. S., Lambin, E. F., Lenton, T. M., Scheffer, M., Folke, C., Schellnhuber, H. J., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/461472a · Cited by 13,333
Typology of sociotechnical transition pathways
Geels, F. W., & Schot, J. (2007) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2007.01.003 · Cited by 5,245
(2009) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.46-6156 · Cited by 3,084
Key competencies in sustainability: A reference framework for academic program development
Wiek, A., Withycombe, L., & Redman, C. L. (2011) · Sustainability Science · doi:10.1007/s11625-011-0132-6 · Cited by 2,995
Transdisciplinary research in sustainability science: Practice, principles, and challenges
Lang, D. J., Wiek, A., Bergmann, M., Stauffacher, M., Martens, P., Moll, P., Swilling, M., & Thomas, C. J. (2012) · Sustainability Science · doi:10.1007/s11625-011-0149-x · Cited by 2,925
An agenda for sustainability transitions research: State of the art and future directions
Köhler, J., Geels, F. W., Kern, F., Markard, J., Onsongo, E., Wieczorek, A., Alkemade, F., Avelino, F., Bergek, A., Boons, F., et al. (2019) · Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions · doi:10.1016/j.eist.2019.01.004 · Cited by 2,800
Why We Disagree about Climate Change
Hulme, M. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511841200 · Cited by 2,621
Jackson, T. P. (2009) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781849774338 · Cited by 2,096
Doughnut Economics: Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st Century Economist
Diethelm, J. (2016) · She ji · doi:10.1016/j.sheji.2017.05.002 · Cited by 2,093
The Spiritual Revolution: Why Religion is Giving Way to Spirituality
Heelas, P., Woodhead, L., Seel, B., Tusting, K., & Szerszynski, B. (2005) · Cited by 1,870
Research works printed but not linked: 11
- Combs A (1996) The radiance of being. Paragon House, St. Paul, Minn
- Dev A (2018) Into great depth of your being. A guided exploration into eight parts of your inner being. AuroPublications, Pondicherry
- Dhiman S, Marques J (eds) (2016) Spirituality and sustainability: new horizons and exemplary approaches. Springer International, Switzerland
- Feuerstein G, Feuerstein B (2007) Green Yoga. Traditional Yoga Studies, Eastend
- Kothari A, Salleh A, Escobar A, Demaria F, Acosta A (eds) (2019) Pluriverse. A post-development dictionary. Tulika Books, New Delhi
- Kunze I (2012) Social innovations for communal and ecological living. Lessons from sustainability research and observations in intentional communities. Communal Soc 32(1):50–67
- Leal Filho W, Consorte McCrea A (eds) (2019) Sustainability and the Humanities. Springer Nature, Cham
- Lockhart H (2011) Spirituality and Nature in the Transformation to a More Sustainable World: Perspectives of South African Change Agents. Dissertation at the Stellenbosch University: South Africa
- O’Brien K, Sygna L (2013) Responding to Climate Change: The Three Spheres of Transformation. Proceedings of the Conference Transformation in a Changing Climate, ed. University of Oslo, pp. 16–23
- Ott HE, Sachs W (2016) Letzte Zuflucht Glauben: Der Beitrag der Spiritualität zur Erhaltung einer lebenswerten Welt. In Religion und Spiritualität: Ressourcen für die Grosse Transformation? [Religion and Spirituality: Resources for a Great Transformation?]. Politische Ökologie 147:17–24
- Waddell S (2016) Change for the audacious: a Doer’s guide to large systems change for flourishing futures. Networking Action Publishing, Boston
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–249 of 249
Gantner, R., DelVechio, I., Steiner, Z., Gregić, M., & Gantner, V. (2024) · International Conference of the Hellenic Association of Agricultural Economists · doi:10.3390/proceedings2024094025
Descours, T., Carrière, S. M., Moreau, C., Boudjema, V., & Blanco, J. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3997228/v1
Sustainability as a Moral Value Requires New Ethics
Scarano, F. R. (2024) · Sustainable development goals series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-51841-6_7
Valente, S., Saraiva, D., & Pessôa, T. (2024) · Video Journal of Social and Human Research · doi:10.18817/vjshr.v3i1.55
How to open up: Factors influencing receptivity to ecosomatic education
Eriksson, E. (2024) · Journal of Dance & Somatic Practices · doi:10.1386/jdsp_00123_1
The Art and Science of Human Flourishing at Texas Christian University
Dennis, M., Hestir, B., & Pevateaux, C. (2025) · ASIANetwork Exchange A Journal for Asian Studies in the Liberal Arts · doi:10.16995/ane.11607
Rabbi, M. F., & Roy, T. (2025) · Khulna University Studies · doi:10.53808/kus.2025.22.01.1298-ed
Rogers, N. J. L., Byrne, J., & Adams, V. M. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5250782
First testing of horse-drawn roller-cutter for green-manure crops management in Croatia
Gantner, R., Schmit, P., Steiner, Z., Zimmer, D., Banaj, A., DelVechio, I., & Gantner, V. (2023) · AgroReS · doi:10.7251/zars2301054g
Fowler, M. M., & Pyles, L. (2025) · Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work Social Thought · doi:10.1080/15426432.2025.2520538
Redesigning Doctoral Curricula
Asrifan, A., & Ingilan, S. S. (2025) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-0225-6.ch006
Broadening the scope for just socioecological transformations
Ramcilovic‐Suominen, S., & Gram-Hanssen, I. (2025) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003466109-15
Ramcilovic‐Suominen, S. (2025) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003466109-2 · Cited by 1
Incorporating nature into education can build skills and improve mental health
Jones, J., & Scott, S. (2023) · doi:10.64628/aam.7tcec74jq
Reifenstahl, T., Augenstein, K., & Möller, S. (2025) · Journal of Environmental Planning and Management · doi:10.1080/09640568.2025.2545982
The Dance of the Rhizomes: Learning Processes Inspired by the Earth Charter
Matarazzo-Neuberger, W. M., & Vilches-Norat, M. D. L. Á. (2025) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-83608-752-620251024
Apoyo de la comunidad en Países Bajos para reducir la violencia vial en las ciudades
Alveano-Aguerrebere, I., Brömmelstroet, M. T., & Dawson, A. (2025) · Revista Ciudades Estados y Política · doi:10.15446/rcep.v11n3.115671
Truong, M.-X. A., van Heel, B. F., & van den Born, R. V. D. (2025) · People and Nature · doi:10.1002/pan3.70166
Nachhaltige, partizipative Quartiersentwicklung mithilfe transformativer Forschungsmethoden
Schweizer-Ries, P. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-45871-3_3
Self-citationThe leverage points framework enhanced by an unconscious perspective
Lee, B. K., & Seo, Y.-S. (2025) · Sustainability Science · doi:10.1007/s11625-025-01754-z · Cited by 1
Atmospheres of spaces in transformation: A methods overview for spotting them in field research
Grossarth, J., & Daum, T. (2025) · Journal of Rural Studies · doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2025.103921
CONEXÕES E TRANSFORMAÇÕES: A SUSTENTABILIDADE NA PERSPECTIVA GLOBALIZADA
Vieira, M. D. F., Neves, G. F., Medeiros, A. D. D. A., Lourenço, N. A., Silva, V. N. D. C., Dantas, M. D. S. L. R., de Andrade, L. D. F., & Caprara, A. (2025) · Aracê. · doi:10.56238/arev7n11-136
Sustainable futures: citizens’ imaginaries for democratic participation practices
Campos, I. S., Limão, J., Repo, P., Fuchs, D. A., Buth, V., Lamas, D., & Peniche, D. I. (2025) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-025-06384-5
Tonn, B. E., & Hill, C. J. (2025) · Futures · doi:10.1016/j.futures.2025.103692 · Cited by 1
The Fundamental Nature of MindsetPreprint
Buchanan, A. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5448194
Conscious Food Systems: Supporting Farmers’ Well-Being and Psychological Resilience
Wright, J., Jensen, J. B., Dufour, C., Altobelli, N., McTiernan, D., Gosnell, H., Prescott, S. L., & Legrand, T. (2026) · Challenges · doi:10.3390/challe17010003 · Cited by 1
Auroville: Experiments Beyond Wellbeing and the Good Life Towards Planetary Unity
Woiwode, C., & Bhati, L. K. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-2077-0_17 · Cited by 1
Self-citationHollis, S. (2026) · Journal of International and Intercultural Communication · doi:10.1080/17513057.2025.2591608
Mello-Silva, C., Disterheft, A., Barth, M., & Pérez‐Ramírez, I. (2026) · The Journal of Environmental Education · doi:10.1080/00958964.2026.2640028
Şorman, A. H., Boekelo, M., Foulds, C., & Cabello, V. (2026) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2026.104717 · Cited by 3
Regenerative Tourism through Eastern Philosophy: Re-centering the Subject in Tourism Theory
Tran, T. (2026) · Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft · doi:10.1515/tw-2026-0002
Abidin, N. Z., Azizan, S. A., & Noridin, N. H. (2026) · International Journal of Creative Multimedia · doi:10.33093/ijcm.2027.7.si(1).2
Strategies of the National Unity and Politics Agency in Strengthening Religious Harmony
Sultan, M. H., Pirol, A., & Salmilah, S. (2025) · International Journal of Educational Administration Management and Leadership · doi:10.51629/ijeamal.v6i1.242
Impact of mindfulness on sustainable consumption behaviour for clothing
Kumar, M., Gahlawat, N., Dua, T., Singh, S., Yadav, A., & Paliwal, M. (2026) · Italian Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1007/s43039-026-00139-z
Green, N., & Pushkarenko, K. (2026) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2026.1849551
Timmerman, N., Mundell, L., Saxena, A. K., Goralnik, L., Falkenburg, L., & Johnson, J. L. (2026) · World sustainability series · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-22146-9_17
Internal audit of SUS: An empirical analysis of its potential influence towards the 2030 Agenda
dos Santos, R. H. M., Neves, G. F., Vieira, M. D. F., Lima, T. S., Valentim, R. A. D. M., Jacquinet, M., & Medeiros, A. A. (2026) · Saúde em Debate · doi:10.1590/2358-28982026e311017i
Auditoria interna do SUS: análise empírica do potencial de influência no alcance da Agenda 2030
dos Santos, R. H. M., Neves, G. F., Vieira, M. D. F., Lima, T. S., Valentim, R. A. D. M., Jacquinet, M., & Medeiros, A. A. (2026) · Saúde em Debate · doi:10.1590/2358-28982026e311017p
Exploring desirable urban nature futures: a Q study on local planners’ perspectives in Germany
Harms, P. G., Woiwode, C., & Artmann, M. (2026) · Sustainability Science · doi:10.1007/s11625-026-01876-y
Self-citationCreating a Pro-Love, Decolonial, Anti-Oppressive Social Field as Transformative Learning Praxis
Cole, L., Low, M., Raphael, L., Maina, N. M., & Pascal, K. (2026) · Journal of Transformative Education · doi:10.1177/15413446261479743
Transformationsdynamiken der Ernährungswende
Marx, J. (2026) · Metropolis-Verlag eBooks · doi:10.68143/57618885
BRUHN, T. O., & Fang, M. (2026) · Sustainability Science · doi:10.1007/s11625-026-01882-0
DiBella, J., & Burch, S. L. (2026) · Urban Transformations · doi:10.1186/s42854-026-00108-x
Asplund, T., & Dobrin, P. (2026) · Sustainability Science · doi:10.1007/s11625-026-01884-y
Stakeholder engagement in sustainable business: insights from sustainability managers and leaders
Lanne, M., Mäkelä, M., & Palomäki, K. (2026) · Social Responsibility Journal · doi:10.1108/srj-05-2025-0433
Progressive Affectivity: Designing Societal Resonance for a Holistic ELD Paradigm
Popal, P. (2026) · FGF studies in small business and entrepreneurship · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-30930-3_20
Redesigning Lives and Sustainable Careers for a Complex World with the Inner Development Guide
Shtaltovna, Y. (2026) · FGF studies in small business and entrepreneurship · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-30930-3_19
Metadata
- Authors
- Woiwode, C., Schäpke, N., Bina, O., Veciana, S., Kunze, I., Parodi, O., Schweizer-Ries, P., & Wamsler, C.
- Affiliations
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IN)
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Leuphana University of Lüneburg (DE)
- BOKU University (AT)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE)
- Ruhr University Bochum (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Woiwode, Christoph
- Venue
- Sustainability Science
- Published
- 2021-01-19
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 841-858
- ISSN
- 1862-4057 (ISSN-L)
- 1862-4065
- OpenAlex
- W3122614873
- Cited by
- 249
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 10
- FWCI
- 16.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Sustainability Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Multilingual Matters (Channel View Publications) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Repository KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Informationszentrum Lebenswissenschaften (ZB MED) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- KITopen (cc-by)
- Funders
- Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research
- Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik
- Vetenskapsrådet (2019-00390, 2019-01969)
- RWTH Aachen
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Sustainability and Climate Change Governance
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Pro-Environmental Behavior and Attitudes
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Keywords
- personal transformation, sustainability transformation, leverage points, system change, reflection, consciousness, mindset, values, worldview, spirituality, nature connection
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review