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Binge Eating, Loss of Control over Eating, Emotional Eating, and Night Eating After Bariatric Surgery: Results from the Toronto Bari-PSYCH Cohort Study
Abstract
Objectives We explored the severity of binge eating, loss of control over eating, emotional eating, and night eating before bariatric surgery and annually for 3 years following surgery. We also assessed the impact of post-operative eating psychopathology on weight outcomes.Methods Eight hundred forty-four patients participated in this prospective cohort study. Demographic factors, self-report measures of eating pathology (BES, NEQ, EES, EDE-Q), and weights (kg) were collected pre-surgery and annually for 3 years after surgery.Results The severity of problematic eating behaviors decreased after surgery and remained lower than baseline throughout follow-up. An increase was noted in binge eating scores (change in mean score ± SD = 0.85 ± 4.71; p = 0.002), emotional eating scores (2.00 ± 13.63; p = 0.033), and loss of control eating scores (1.11 ± 7.01; p < 0.001) after the first post-operative year that continued to the third post-operative year. There was also an increase in night eating scores between 2 and 3 years post-surgery (2.52 ± 8.00; p = 0.01). Higher 1-year post-operative binge eating scores were a significant predictor of lower 2-year % total weight loss (β = - 0.39, confidence interval (CI) - 1.23, - 0.16, p = 0.012).Conclusions The severity of problematic eating behaviors decrease after bariatric surgery, but increase significantly between the first and third post-operative years. Binge Eating Scale score at 1 year post-surgery was the only significant predictor of reduced percent total weight loss at 2 years. Additional prospective studies with adequate power are required to assess the progression of these eating pathologies beyond 3 years and their impact on weight outcomes beyond 2 years.
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“Results beyond the 18-month timeframe are mixed, with some studies suggesting attenuation of emotion-based eating through 36 months after having bariatric surgery and other studies finding reoccurrence between 12 and 36 months after having bariatric surgery (33–39).”
From Behavioral Interventions to Attenuate Driven Overeating and Weight Regain After Bariatric Surgery (2022) · cites this paper as [35]
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Cites
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Lifestyle, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors 10 years after bariatric surgery
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Sjöström, L. (2013) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12012 · Cited by 1,835
Weight Recidivism Post-Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review
Karmali, S., Brar, B., Shi, X., Sharma, A. M., de Gara, C., & Birch, D. W. (2013) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-013-1070-4 · Cited by 574
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Grazing and Loss of Control Related to Eating: Two High‐risk Factors Following Bariatric Surgery
Colles, S. L., Dixon, J. B., & O’Brien, P. E. (2008) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2007.101 · Cited by 420
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Trends in weight regain following roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) bariatric surgery
Cooper, T. C., Simmons, E. B., Webb, K., Burns, J. L., & Kushner, R. F. (2015) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-014-1560-z · Cited by 305
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Qi, B., Zhang, C., Bian, W., Wang, L., & Wu, Y. (2026) · Journal of Psychiatry and Brain Science · doi:10.20900/jpbs.20260017
Muehling, C. A., Schmidt, R., Schreglmann, B., Mansfeld, T., Sander, J., Seyfried, F., Kaiser, S., Stroh, C., Dietrich, A., & Hilbert, A. (2026) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2026.108821
Metadata
- Authors
- Nasirzadeh, Y., Kantarovich, K., Wnuk, S., Okrainec, A., Cassin, S. E., Hawa, R., & Sockalingam, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Toronto Western Hospital (CA)
- University Health Network (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Sockalingam, Sanjeev
- Venue
- Obesity Surgery
- Published
- 2018-02-06
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2032-2039
- ISSN
- 0960-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1708-0428
- OpenAlex
- W2792431776
- Semantic Scholar
- 13961c29c763fe898c268699c6bdd737570222f1
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 12.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Obesity Surgery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Keywords
- binge eating, loss of control eating
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Bulimia, Emotions, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Hyperphagia, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Morbid, Postoperative Period, Prospective Studies, Regression Analysis, Time Factors, Cohort Studies, Weight Loss, Bariatric Surgery, Binge-Eating Disorder, Self Report
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