CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 171Birth, Development, and HealthGestational Diabetes Research and ManagementAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases

Developmental Origins of Obesity: Programmed Adipogenesis

Open access
Desai, Mina, Beall, Marie, Ross, Michael G.·2013·Current Diabetes Reports
DOI 10.1007/s11892-012-0344-xPMC PMC3563293
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The metabolic syndrome epidemic, including a marked increase in the prevalence of obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among pregnant women, represents a significant public health problem. There is increasing recognition that the risk of adult obesity is clearly influenced by prenatal and infant environmental exposures, particularly nutrition. This tenet is the fundamental basis of developmental programming. Low birth weight, together with infant catch-up growth, is associated with a significant risk of adult obesity. Exposure to maternal obesity, with or without GDM, or having a high birth weight also represents an increased risk for childhood and adult obesity. Animal models have replicated human epidemiologic findings and elucidated potential programming mechanisms that include altered organ development, cellular signaling responses, and epigenetic modifications. Prenatal care has made great strides in optimizing maternal, fetal, and neonatal health, and now has the opportunity to begin interventions which prevent or reduce childhood/adult obesity. Guidelines that integrate optimal pregnancy nutrition and weight gain, management of GDM, and newborn feeding strategies with long-term consequences on adult obesity, remain to be elucidated.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s11892-012-0344-x

Cites

4 of 4 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Female subjects seem to have greater protection against the adverse effects of lipo-toxicity caused by dysfunctional adipose tissue, probably through a differentiated expression of sex-dependent genes involved in adipogenesis.

    “Moreover, it has been noted that female subjects seem to have greater protection against the adverse effects of lipo-toxicity caused by dysfunctional adipose tissue, probably through a differentiated expression of sex-dependent genes involved in adipogenesis (Figure 2) [58,82,83].”

    From Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Long-Term Metabolic, Cognitive, and Epigenetic Consequences (2026) · cites this paper as [58]

    The sections on Catch-up Growth and Fat Accrual and Effects of Increased Adipogenesis on DM in offspring discuss adipogenic genes and adverse metabolic effects of altered adipose tissue. They do not address whether females are more protected from lipotoxicity or whether sex-dependent gene expression explains such protection. Searches for female protection, sex differences, and lipotoxicity found no passage establishing that comparison. (LLM, conf=0.73)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 77

  1. [1]Ogden CL Carroll MD Kit BK Flegal KM Prevalence of obesity in the United States, 2009-2010 NCHS Data Brief 1 2012 82 1 8 22617494
  2. [2]Shamseddeen H Getty JZ Hamdallah IN Ali MR Epidemiology and economic impact of obesity and type 2 diabetes Surg Clin North Am 12 2011 916 1163 72 vii 22054146
  3. [3]Nodine PM Hastings-Tolsma M Maternal obesity: improving pregnancy outcomes MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 3 2012 372 110 115 22357072
  4. [4]Evensen AE Update on gestational diabetes mellitus Prim Care 3 2012 391 83 94 22309583
  5. Laitinen J Jaaskelainen A Hartikainen AL Sovio U Maternal weight gain during the first half of pregnancy and offspring obesity at 16 years: a prospective cohort study BJOG 5 2012 1196 716 723 22489762
  6. [6]Pettitt DJ Baird HR Aleck KA Bennett PH Knowler WC Excessive obesity in offspring of Pima Indian women with diabetes during pregnancy N Engl J Med 2 1983 3085 242 245 6848933
  7. [7]Guo SS Wu W Chumlea WC Roche AF Predicting overweight and obesity in adulthood from body mass index values in childhood and adolescence Am J Clin Nutr 9 2002 763 653 658 12198014
  8. [8]Dietz WH Health consequences of obesity in youth: childhood predictors of adult disease Pediatrics 3 1998 1013 Pt 2 518 525 12224658
  9. [10]Hales CN Desai M Ozanne SE The Thrifty Phenotype hypothesis: how does it look after 5 years? Diabet Med 3 1997 143 189 195 9088766
  10. [11]Desai M Hales CN Role of fetal and infant growth in programming metabolism in later life Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 5 1997 722 329 348 9155245
  11. [12]Seckl JR Meaney MJ Glucocorticoid programming Ann N Y Acad Sci 12 2004 1032 63 84 15677396
  12. [13]Howie GJ Sloboda DM Kamal T Vickers MH Maternal nutritional history predicts obesity in adult offspring independent of postnatal diet J Physiol 2 2009 587 Pt 4 905 915 19103681 PMC2669979
  13. [14]Ferezou-Viala J Roy AF Serougne C Gripois D Long-term consequences of maternal high-fat feeding on hypothalamic leptin sensitivity and diet-induced obesity in the offspring Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 9 2007 2933 R1056 R1062 17553843
  14. [15]Samuelsson AM Matthews PA Argenton M Christie MR Diet-induced obesity in female mice leads to offspring hyperphagia, adiposity, hypertension, and insulin resistance: a novel murine model of developmental programming Hypertension 2 2008 512 383 392 18086952
  15. [16]Boney CM Verma A Tucker R Vohr BR Metabolic syndrome in childhood: association with birth weight, maternal obesity, and gestational diabetes mellitus Pediatrics 3 2005 1153 e290 e296 15741354
  16. [17]Gluckman PD Hanson MA Morton SM Pinal CS Life-long echoes--a critical analysis of the developmental origins of adult disease model Biol Neonate 2005 872 127 139 15564779
  17. [18]Harding JE The nutritional basis of the fetal origins of adult disease Int J Epidemiol 2 2001 301 15 23 11171842
  18. [19]Oken E Rifas-Shiman SL Field AE Frazier AL Gillman MW Maternal gestational weight gain and offspring weight in adolescence Obstet Gynecol 11 2008 1125 999 1006 18978098 PMC3001295
  19. [20]Djelantik AA Kunst AE van der Wal MF Smit HA Vrijkotte TG Contribution of overweight and obesity to the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in a multi-ethnic cohort: population attributive fractions for Amsterdam BJOG 2 2012 1193 283 290 22168897
  20. [21]Surkan PJ Hsieh CC Johansson AL Dickman PW Cnattingius S Reasons for increasing trends in large for gestational age births Obstet Gynecol 10 2004 1044 720 726 15458892
  21. [22]Armitage JA Poston L Taylor PD Developmental origins of obesity and the metabolic syndrome: the role of maternal obesity Front Horm Res 2008 36 73 84 18230895
  22. [23]Hull HR Thornton JC Ji Y Paley C Higher infant body fat with excessive gestational weight gain in overweight women Am J Obstet Gynecol 9 2011 2053 211 217 21621185 PMC3170486
  23. [24]Schack-Nielsen L Michaelsen KF Gamborg M Mortensen EL Sorensen TI Gestational weight gain in relation to offspring body mass index and obesity from infancy through adulthood Int J Obes (Lond) 1 2010 341 67 74 19918246
  24. [25]Barker DJ Hales CN Fall CH Osmond C Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia (syndrome X): relation to reduced fetal growth Diabetologia 1 1993 361 62 67 8436255
  25. [26]Valsamakis G Kanaka-Gantenbein C Malamitsi-Puchner A Mastorakos G Causes of intrauterine growth restriction and the postnatal development of the metabolic syndrome Ann N Y Acad Sci 12 2006 1092 138 147 17308140
  26. [27]Pettitt DJ Jovanovic L Birth weight as a predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the U-shaped curve Curr Diab Rep 8 2001 11 78 81 12762961
  27. [28]Ong KK Size at birth, postnatal growth and risk of obesity Horm Res 2006 65 Suppl 3 65 69 16612116
  28. [30]Launer LJ Hofman A Grobbee DE Relation between birth weight and blood pressure: longitudinal study of infants and children BMJ 12 1993 3076917 1451 1454 8281086 PMC1679509
  29. [31]Monteiro PO Victora CG Rapid growth in infancy and childhood and obesity in later life--a systematic review Obes Rev 5 2005 62 143 154 15836465
  30. [33]Euser AM Finken MJ Keijzer-Veen MG Hille ET Associations between prenatal and infancy weight gain and BMI, fat mass, and fat distribution in young adulthood: a prospective cohort study in males and females born very preterm Am J Clin Nutr 2 2005 812 480 487 15699238
  31. [34]Finken MJ Keijzer-Veen MG Dekker FW Frolich M Preterm birth and later insulin resistance: effects of birth weight and postnatal growth in a population based longitudinal study from birth into adult life Diabetologia 3 2006 493 478 485 16450090
  32. [35]Ong KK Ahmed ML Emmett PM Preece MA Dunger DB Association between postnatal catch-up growth and obesity in childhood: prospective cohort study BMJ 4 2000 3207240 967 971 10753147 PMC27335
  33. [36]Desai M Crowther NJ Lucas A Hales CN Organ-selective growth in the offspring of protein-restricted mothers Br J Nutr 10 1996 764 591 603 8942365
  34. [37]Desai M Gayle D Babu J Ross MG Programmed obesity in intrauterine growth-restricted newborns: modulation by newborn nutrition Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 1 2005 2881 R91 R96 15297266
  35. [38]De Blasio MJ Gatford KL McMillen IC Robinson JS Owens JA Placental restriction of fetal growth increases insulin action, growth, and adiposity in the young lamb Endocrinol 3 2007 1483 1350 1358 17110432
  36. [39]Greenwood PL Hunt AS Hermanson JW Bell AW Effects of birth weight and postnatal nutrition on neonatal sheep: I. Body growth and composition, and some aspects of energetic efficiency J Anim Sci 9 1998 769 2354 2367 9781492
  37. [40]Desai M Babu J Ross MG Programmed metabolic syndrome: prenatal undernutrition and postweaning overnutrition Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 12 2007 2936 R2306 R2314 17898113
  38. [41]Desai M Gayle D Babu J Ross MG Permanent reduction in heart and kidney organ growth in offspring of undernourished rat dams Am J Obstet Gynecol 9 2005 1933 Suppl 1224 1232 16157142
  39. [42]Summermatter S Marcelino H Arsenijevic D Buchala A Adipose tissue plasticity during catch-up fat driven by thrifty metabolism: relevance for muscle-adipose glucose redistribution during catch-up growth Diabetes 10 2009 5810 2228 2237 19602538 PMC2750217
  40. [43]Desai M Gayle D Han G Ross MG Programmed hyperphagia due to reduced anorexigenic mechanisms in intrauterine growth-restricted offspring Reprod Sci 5 2007 144 329 337 17644805
  41. [44]Desai M Guang H Ferelli M Kallichanda N Lane RH Programmed upregulation of adipogenic transcription factors in intrauterine growth-restricted offspring Reprod Sci 10 2008 158 785 796 19017816 PMC3444244
  42. [45]Orozco-Solis R Matos RJ Lopes de SS Grit I Perinatal nutrient restriction induces long-lasting alterations in the circadian expression pattern of genes regulating food intake and energy metabolism Int J Obes (Lond) 7 2011 357 990 1000 21060311
  43. [46]Dulloo AG Jacquet J Seydoux J Montani JP The thrifty ‘catch-up fat’ phenotype: its impact on insulin sensitivity during growth trajectories to obesity and metabolic syndrome Int J Obes (Lond) 12 2006 30 Suppl 4 S23 S35 17133232
  44. [47]Spiegelman BM Flier JS Obesity and the regulation of energy balance Cell 2 2001 1044 531 543 11239410
  45. [48]Saltiel AR You are what you secrete Nat Med 8 2001 78 887 888 11479613
  46. [49]Wabitsch M The acquisition of obesity: insights from cellular and genetic research Proc Nutr Soc 5 2000 592 325 330 10946802
  47. [50]Janesick A Blumberg B Obesogens, stem cells and the developmental programming of obesity Int J Androl 6 2012 353 437 448 22372658 PMC3358413
  48. [51]Rosen ED Spiegelman BM PPARgamma: a nuclear regulator of metabolism, differentiation, and cell growth J Biol Chem 10 2001 27641 37731 37734 11459852
  49. [52]Morrison RF Farmer SR Insights into the transcriptional control of adipocyte differentiation J Cell Biochem 1999 Suppl 32-33 59 67 10629104
  50. [53]Farmer SR Regulation of PPARgamma activity during adipogenesis Int J Obes (Lond) 3 2005 29 Suppl 1 S13 S16 15711576
  51. [54]Fajas L Schoonjans K Gelman L Kim JB Regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression by adipocyte differentiation and determination factor 1/sterol regulatory element binding protein 1: implications for adipocyte differentiation and metabolism Mol Cell Biol 8 1999 198 5495 5503 10409739 PMC84391
  52. [55]Kim JB Spiegelman BM ADD1/SREBP1 promotes dipocyte differentiation and gene expression linked to fatty acid metabolism Genes Dev 5 1996 109 1096 1107 8654925
  53. [56]Walczak R Tontonoz P PPARadigms and PPARadoxes: expanding roles for PPARgamma in the control of lipid metabolism J Lipid Res 2 2002 432 177 186 11861659
  54. [57]Kim JB Wright HM Wright M Spiegelman BM ADD1/SREBP1 activates PPARgamma through the production of endogenous ligand Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 4 1998 958 4333 4337 9539737 PMC22489
  55. [58]Kim JB Sarraf P Wright M Yao KM Nutritional and insulin regulation of fatty acid synthetase and leptin gene expression through ADD1/SREBP1 J Clin Invest 1 1998 1011 1 9 9421459 PMC508533
  56. [59]Boizard M Le L,X Lemarchand P Foufelle F Obesity-related overexpression of fatty-acid synthase gene in adipose tissue involves sterol regulatory element-binding protein transcription factors J Biol Chem 10 1998 27344 29164 29171 9786926
  57. [60]Samra JS Sir David Cuthbertson Medal Lecture. Regulation of lipid metabolism in adipose tissue Proc Nutr Soc 8 2000 593 441 446 10997671
  58. [61]Hulver MW Berggren JR Carper MJ Miyazaki M Elevated stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 expression in skeletal muscle contributes to abnormal fatty acid partitioning in obese humans Cell Metab 10 2005 24 251 261 16213227 PMC4285571
  59. [62]Matsuzawa Y The role of fat topology in the risk of disease Int J Obes (Lond) 12 2008 32 Suppl 7 S83 S92 19136997
  60. Desai M Ross MG Fetal programming of adipose tissue: effects of intrauterine growth restriction and maternal obesity/high-fat diet Semin Reprod Med 5 2011 293 237 245 21710399 PMC4010300
  61. [65]Adeghate E Visfatin: structure, function and relation to diabetes mellitus and other dysfunctions Curr Med Chem 2008 1518 1851 1862 18691043
  62. [66]Widjaja A Stratton IM Horn R Holman RR UKPDS 20: plasma leptin, obesity, and plasma insulin in type 2 diabetic subjects J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2 1997 822 654 657 9024271
  63. [67]Hauner H Bender M Haastert B Hube F Plasma concentrations of soluble TNF-alpha receptors in obese subjects Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 12 1998 2212 1239 1243 9877261
  64. [68]Yan WJ Wu J Mo J Huang CW [Plasma levels of adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in children with obesity] Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 1 2009 111 47 50 19149923
  65. [69]Haluzik M Parizkova J Haluzik MM Adiponectin and its role in the obesity-induced insulin resistance and related complications Physiol Res 2004 532 123 129 15046547
  66. [70]Weiss R Dziura J Burgert TS Tamborlane WV Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents N Engl J Med 6 2004 35023 2362 2374 15175438
  67. [71]Shepherd PR Crowther NJ Desai M Hales CN Ozanne SE Altered adipocyte properties in the offspring of protein malnourished rats Br J Nutr 7 1997 781 121 129 9292765
  68. [72]Bieswal F Ahn MT Reusens B Holvoet P The importance of catch-up growth after early malnutrition for the programming of obesity in male rat Obesity (Silver Spring) 8 2006 148 1330 1343 16988075
  69. [73]Guan H Arany E van Beek JP Chamson-Reig A Adipose tissue gene expression profiling reveals distinct molecular pathways that define visceral adiposity in offspring of maternal protein-restricted rats Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 4 2005 2884 E663 E673 15562247
  70. [74]Joss-Moore LA Wang Y Campbell MS Moore B Uteroplacental insufficiency increases visceral adiposity and visceral adipose PPARgamma2 expression in male rat offspring prior to the onset of obesity Early Hum Dev 3 2010 863 179 185 20227202 PMC2857740
  71. [75]Yee JK Lee WN Han G Ross MG Desai M Organ-specific alterations in Fatty Acid de novo synthesis and desaturation in a rat model of programmed obesity Lipids Health Dis 2011 10 72 21569358 PMC3112422
  72. [78]Bol VV Reusens BM Remacle CA Postnatal catch-up growth after fetal protein restriction programs proliferation of rat preadipocytes Obesity (Silver Spring) 12 2008 1612 2760 2763 18833213
  73. [80]Desai M Gayle D Babu J Ross MG The timing of nutrient restriction during rat pregnancy/lactation alters metabolic syndrome phenotype Am J Obstet Gynecol 6 2007 1966 555 557 17547893 PMC2682529
  74. [81]Yee JK Lee WN Ross MG Lane RH Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma modulation and lipogenic response in adipocytes of small-for-gestational age offspring Nutr Metab (Lond) 6 2012 91 62 22726273 PMC3495639
  75. [82]Zhang S Rattanatray L McMillen IC Suter CM Morrison JL Periconceptional nutrition and the early programming of a life of obesity or adversity Prog Biophys Mol Biol 7 2011 1061 307 314 21168433
  76. [84]Long NM Rule DC Zhu MJ Nathanielsz PW Ford SP Maternal obesity upregulates fatty acid and glucose transporters and increases expression of enzymes mediating fatty acid biosynthesis in fetal adipose tissue depots J Anim Sci 1 2012 22266999
  77. [85]Dewey KG Is breastfeeding protective against child obesity? J Hum Lact 2 2003 191 9 18 12587638

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Desai, M., Beall, M., & Ross, M. G.
Affiliations
University of California, Los Angeles (US)
Corresponding author
Desai, Mina
ORCID
Venue
Current Diabetes Reports
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2012-11-29
Volume
13
Issue
1
Pages
27-33
ISSN
  • 1534-4827 (ISSN-L)
  • 1539-0829
DOI
10.1007/s11892-012-0344-x
PMC
PMC3563293
OpenAlex
W2124857707
Cited by
171
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 1
FWCI
3.14
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Current Diabetes Reports (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000124)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK081756)
  • National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD054751)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Keywords
developmental programming, obesity, adipogenesis, gestational diabetes mellitus, low birth weight, catch-up growth, maternal obesity, birth weight, prenatal nutrition, epigenetic modifications, organogenesis, signal transduction, metabolic syndrome, prenatal care, infant feeding, gestational weight gain
MeSH terms
Animals, Birth Weight, Humans, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Obesity, Risk Factors, Growth and Development, Adipogenesis

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review