Dietary nitrate lowers blood pressure: epidemiological, pre-clinical experimental and clinical trial evidence
Open accessAbstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a potent vasodilator critical in maintaining vascular homeostasis, can reduce blood pressure in vivo. Loss of constitutive NO generation, for example as a result of endothelial dysfunction, occurs in many pathological conditions, including hypertension, and contributes to disease pathology. Attempts to therapeutically deliver NO via organic nitrates (e.g. glyceryl trinitrate, GTN) to reduce blood pressure in hypertensives have been largely unsuccessful. However, in recent years inorganic (or 'dietary') nitrate has been identified as a potential solution for NO delivery through its sequential chemical reduction via the enterosalivary circuit. With dietary nitrate found in abundance in vegetables this review discusses epidemiological, pre-clinical and clinical data supporting the idea that dietary nitrate could represent a cheap and effective dietary intervention capable of reducing blood pressure and thereby improving cardiovascular health.
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At least 19 studies in hypertensive, overweight, and other patient populations have all revealed predictable acute or chronic blood pressure reduction with varying types of nitrate supplementation.
“At least 19 studies in hypertensive, overweight, and other patient populations have been performed, all revealing predictable acute or chronic blood pressure reduction with varying types of nitrate supplementation[107]”
From Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health (2017) · cites this paper as [107]
Clinically, nitrate supplementation reliably produces anti-hypertensive effects.
“Clinically, nitrate supplementation will reliably produce anti-hypertensive effects[107]”
From Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health (2017) · cites this paper as [107]
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References 123 · Cited by 80
- Authors
- Gee, L. C., & Ahluwalia, A.
- Affiliations
- Queen Mary University of London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Ahluwalia, Amrita
- ORCID
- Ahluwalia, Amrita
- Venue
- Current Hypertension Reports
- Published
- 2016-01-27
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 17-17
- ISSN
- 1522-6417 (ISSN-L)
- 1534-3111
- PMC
- PMC4729801
- OpenAlex
- W2265127719
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 123
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 1.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Current Hypertension Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- British Heart Foundation (SP/08/006/25110)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
- Keywords
- dietary nitrate, blood pressure reduction, nitric oxide, hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, organic nitrates, nitroglycerin, nitrate reduction, vegetables, dietary intervention, cardiovascular health
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood Pressure, Clinical Trials as Topic, Diet, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Humans, Hypertension, Nitrates
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