Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders-a Review
Abstract
The potential for positron emission tomography (PET) to detect neuroinflammation in vivo has sparked a remarkable interest in various disciplines of neuroscience. Early PET radioligands, such as [11 C]PK(R)-11195 for the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) and [11 C]L-deprenyl for monoamine oxidase B, have been used in studies designed to clarify the role of neuroinflammation in a variety of psychiatric and neurological disorders. Recent years have witnessed the development of several second-generation PET radioligands for TSPO and radioligands to measure endogenous targets that are active in various stages of the inflammatory cascade, such as cyclooxygenase and arachidonic acid. Here, we discuss some of the biomarkers for neuroinflammation that are available for quantification with PET, as well as recent findings from studies where neuroinflammation has been assessed in neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, we highlight the challenges to accurate interpretation of PET studies of neuroinflammation.
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Astrocytes and microglia play a double role, both pro- and anti-inflammatory, and are involved in different functions under physiological and pathological conditions.
“An important role for chronic neuroinflammation is fulfilled by neuroimmune cells, astrocytes and microglia, which play a double role, both pro- and anti-inflammatory, and are involved in different functions under physiological and pathological conditions [71].”
From Beneficial Effects of Spirulina Consumption on Brain Health (2022) · cites this paper as [71]
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References 130 · Cited by 301
- Authors
- Schain, M., & Kreisl, W. C.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kreisl, William Charles
- ORCID
- Schain, Martin
- Venue
- Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
- Published
- 2017-03
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 25-25
- ISSN
- 1528-4042 (ISSN-L)
- 1534-6293
- OpenAlex
- W2592633538
- Cited by
- 301
- References
- 130
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 13
- FWCI
- 2.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- neuroinflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, positron emission tomography, PET radiotracer, translocator protein (TSPO), [11C]PK11195, monoamine oxidase B, cyclooxygenase, arachidonic acid, neuroinflammation biomarkers, inflammatory cascade
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Humans, Inflammation, Receptors, GABA, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Positron-Emission Tomography
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