Narcissistic personality disorder: a current review.
Abstract
The diagnosis of narcissistic personality disorder in the DSM-IV has been criticized foremost for its limitations in capturing the range and complexity of narcissistic pathology. The attention to the narcissistic individual's external, symptomatic, or social interpersonal patterns--at the expense of his or her internal complexity and individual suffering--has also added to the diagnosis' low clinical utility and limited guidance for treatment. Recent studies and reviews have pointed to the need for change in the diagnostic approach to and formulation of narcissism. This review focuses specifically on studies of features that add to the identification, understanding, and treatment of patients with pathological narcissistic functioning and narcissistic personality disorder. They have been integrated into a regulatory model that includes the functions and fluctuations of internal control, self-esteem, perfectionism with accompanying self-criticism, shame, and empathic ability and functioning.
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This style of other oriented 'narcissistic perfectionism' has been documented by others.
“This style of other oriented ‘narcissistic perfectionism’ has been documented by others [57] and appears not to have the hallmarks of overt shameful self-criticism at a surface level, however may still exist in covert form [58].”
From Living with pathological narcissism: a qualitative study (2020) · cites this paper as [58]
The relationship between trauma and narcissism has been documented and the term 'trauma-associated narcissistic symptoms' has been proposed.
“The relationship between trauma and narcissism has been documented [58, 65–67] and the term ‘trauma-associated narcissistic symptoms’ has been proposed to identify such features [68].”
From Living with pathological narcissism: a qualitative study (2020) · cites this paper as [58]
Deficits in empathy processing were considered a hallmark of pathological narcissism.
“An interplay between narcissism and empathy was investigated from the clinical conceptualization of NPD to its launch in the DSM–III (22), deficits in empathy processing was considered a hallmark of pathological narcissism (23–26).”
From The dark side of empathy in narcissistic personality disorder (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
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References 50 · Cited by 177
- Authors
- Ronningstam, E.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ronningstam, Elsa
- ORCID
- Ronningstam, Elsa
- Venue
- Current Psychiatry Reports
- Published
- 2010-01-08
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 68-75
- ISSN
- 1523-3812 (ISSN-L)
- 1535-1645
- OpenAlex
- W2012658221
- Cited by
- 177
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 8.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Current Psychiatry Reports (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- narcissistic personality disorder, DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, narcissism, self-esteem, perfectionism, self-criticism, shame, empathy, internal control
- MeSH terms
- Empathy, Humans, Personality Assessment, Personality Disorders, Self Concept, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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