The DOI matches its Crossref record; 99 of the 99 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Depression and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update on How Course of Illness May Influence Risk
Open accessAbstract
Depression constitutes a novel and independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which despite extensive support in the literature has been underappreciated. While much of the evidence for depression as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease is based on studies following myocardial infarction, the elevated vascular risk conveyed by depression is not confined to periods following acute coronary syndromes. For that matter, the risk appears across mood disorders with evidence for even greater risk in bipolar disorder. This review summarizes the literature linking depressive disorders to cardiovascular mortality with a focus on how the course of illness of mood disorders may influence this risk. Mood disorders may influence risk over decades of illness in a dose-response to symptom burden, or the persistence of affective symptomatology. This may be mediated through changes in the activity of the autonomic nervous system, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and inflammatory cytokines. Whether treatment of depression can mitigate this risk is not established although there are suggestions to support this contention, which could be better studied with more effective treatments of depression and larger standardized samples. Directions for future study of mechanisms and treatment are discussed. Regardless of causal mechanisms, persons with depressive disorders and other risk factors for vascular disease represent a neglected, high-risk group for cardiovascular events. In addition to the appropriate treatment for depression, screening and optimized management of traditional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases is necessary.
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“In mood disorders, for example, vasculopathy has been associated with the long-term course of illness and in proportion to symptom burden or the persistence of mood symptoms [45].”
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Cites
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The intriguing relationship between coronary heart disease and mental disorders
Binder, M. D., Detraux, J., & Vancampfort, D. (2018) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2018.20.1/mdehert · Cited by 506
Vascular depression consensus report – a critical update
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Metadata
- Authors
- Fiedorowicz, J. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Iowa (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fiedorowicz, Jess G.
- ORCID
- Fiedorowicz, Jess G.
- Venue
- Current Psychiatry Reports
- Published
- 2014-08-28
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 492-492
- ISSN
- 1523-3812 (ISSN-L)
- 1535-1645
- PMC
- PMC4153989
- OpenAlex
- W2069214992
- Cited by
- 103
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 1.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Current Psychiatry Reports (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH083695)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Keywords
- depression, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk factors, mood disorders, bipolar disorder, clinical course, cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, autonomic nervous system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, inflammatory cytokines, antidepressant treatment, cardiovascular screening
- MeSH terms
- Antidepressive Agents, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Inflammation, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Risk Factors, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Disease Progression, Mood Disorders
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