Protease production by different thermophilic fungi
Abstract
A comparative study was carried out to evaluate protease production in solid-state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SmF) by nine different thermophilic fungi--Thermoascus aurantiacus Miehe, Thermomyces lanuginosus, T. lanuginosus TO.03, Aspergillus flavus 1.2, Aspergillus sp. 13.33, Aspergillus sp. 13.34, Aspergillus sp. 13.35, Rhizomucor pusillus 13.36 and Rhizomucor sp. 13.37--using substrates containing proteins to induce enzyme secretion. Soybean extract (soybean milk), soybean flour, milk powder, rice, and wheat bran were tested. The most satisfactory results were obtained when using wheat bran in SSF. The fungi that stood out in SSF were T. lanuginosus, T. lanuginosus TO.03, Aspergillus sp. 13.34, Aspergillus sp. 13.35, and Rhizomucor sp. 13.37, and those in SmF were T. aurantiacus, T. lanuginosus TO.03, and 13.37. In both fermentation systems, A. flavus 1.2 and R. pusillus 13.36 presented the lowest levels of proteolytic activity.
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Wheat bran was the most effective substrate for protease synthesis in SSF.
“Macchione et al. (2008) studied MCE production using various thermophilic fungi and discovered that wheat bran was the most effective substrate for protease synthesis in SSF.”
From Invited review: Milk-clotting enzymes of microbial origin and their role in cheesemaking-A review. (2025) · cites this paper as Macchione et al., 2008
The level of clotting activity depends on the carbon source.
“The results of numerous studies (Macchione et al., 2008;Gais et al., 2009;Shieh et al., 2009;Irfan et al., 2011;Dhurway et al., 2012;Silva et al., 2014;Guleria et al., 2016;Mamo et al., 2020;Zhang et al., 2022) have shown that the level of clotting activity also depends on the carbon source.”
From Invited review: Milk-clotting enzymes of microbial origin and their role in cheesemaking-A review. (2025) · cites this paper as Macchione et al., 2008
Soybean meal extract proved to be the optimal substrate for protease production during submerged fermentation.
“In contrast, soybean meal extract proved to be the optimal substrate for protease production during submerged fermentation.”
From Invited review: Milk-clotting enzymes of microbial origin and their role in cheesemaking-A review. (2025) · cites this paper as Macchione et al., 2008
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References 23 · Cited by 48
- Authors
- Macchione, M. M., Merheb, C. W., Gomes, E., & da Silva, R.
- Affiliations
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, câmpus de São José do Rio Preto (BR)
- ORCID
- Gomes, Eleni
- Venue
- Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
- Published
- 2007-10-12
- Volume
- 146
- Issue
- 1-3
- Pages
- 223-230
- ISSN
- 0273-2289 (ISSN-L)
- 1559-0291
- OpenAlex
- W2048299491
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 0.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Acervo Digital da Universidade Estadual Paulista (Universidade Estadual Paulista) (submittedVersion)
- UNESP Institutional Repository (São Paulo State University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Enzyme Production and Characterization
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization
- Keywords
- protease production, thermophilic fungi, solid-state fermentation, submerged fermentation, Thermoascus aurantiacus, Thermomyces lanuginosus, Aspergillus, Rhizomucor pusillus, wheat bran substrate, soybean extract, milk powder, rice, protein substrates, enzyme secretion
- MeSH terms
- Mitosporic Fungi, Enzyme Activation, Enzyme Stability, Peptide Hydrolases, Species Specificity, Substrate Specificity
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