ATP-Nlrp3 Inflammasome-Complement Cascade Axis in Sterile Brain Inflammation in Psychiatric Patients and its Impact on Stem Cell Trafficking
Open accessAbstract
Recent evidence indicates that the occurrence of psychiatric disorders in patients is linked to a local "sterile" inflammation of brain or due to a systemic inflammation process that affects the central nervous system. This is supported by the observation that in peripheral blood of psychotic patients are detectable several mediators and markers of inflammation as well as clinical data on correlations between systemic chronic inflammatory processes and psychiatric disorders. This may explain why some reported anti-inflammatory treatment strategies have beneficial effects on ameliorating psychotic events. In this review we will present a concept that aberrant purinergic signaling and increases in extracellular level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the brain parenchyma may lead to activation of Nlrp3 inflammasome in microglia cells and as a consequence microglia released danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) proteins activate complement cascade (ComC) in mannan binding lectin (MBL) - dependent manner. Activation of ATP-Nlrp3 inflammasome-ComC axis may also orchestrate trafficking of stem cells released from bone marrow into peripheral blood observed in psychotic patients. Based on this, the ATP-Nlrp3 inflammasome-ComC axis may become a target for new therapeutic approaches, which justifies the development and clinical application of efficient anti-inflammatory treatment strategies targeting this axis in psychiatry.
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Activation of P2X7 receptors induced by viral infection leads to molecular alterations (neuroimmune response activation, ROS formation, and glutamate release), behavioral alterations, and mental disorders.
“their activation induced by viral infection leads to molecular (mainly neuroimmune response activation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and glutamate release) and behavioral alterations [17, 20] as well as to mental disorders [21].”
From Hyperactivation of P2X7 receptors as a culprit of COVID-19 neuropathology (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
Hyperactivation of P2X7 receptors is closely related to inflammatory processes because they are stimulated by ATP released from distressed cells and induce inflammasome activation.
“Hyperactivation of P2X7 receptors is closely related to inflammatory processes since they are stimulated by ATP released from distressed cells and induce inflammasome activation [16–18].”
From Hyperactivation of P2X7 receptors as a culprit of COVID-19 neuropathology (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
Recent evidence indicates that the occurrence of psychiatric disorders in patients is linked to "sterile" inflammation of the brain that may be initiated locally by some stressors affecting nervous tissue or occurs due to a systemic inflammation process.
“Recent evidence indicates that the occurrence of psychiatric disorders in patients is linked to “sterile” inflammation of the brain that may be initiated locally by some stressors affecting nervous tissue or occurs due to a systemic inflammation process [17, 46].”
From Hyperactivation of P2X7 receptors as a culprit of COVID-19 neuropathology (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
Several inflammatory mediators and markers are detected in the peripheral blood of patients with psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, which could worsen prognoses for COVID-19 outcome.
“This is supported by the observation that several inflammatory mediators and markers are detected in the peripheral blood of patients with psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders [17, 46], which could worsen prognoses for COVID-19 outcome.”
From Hyperactivation of P2X7 receptors as a culprit of COVID-19 neuropathology (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
Some reported anti-inflammatory treatment strategies ameliorate neurodegeneration.
“This may also explain, why some reported anti-inflammatory treatment strategies ameliorate neurodegeneration [17, 46].”
From Hyperactivation of P2X7 receptors as a culprit of COVID-19 neuropathology (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
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References 53 · Cited by 32
- Authors
- Ratajczak, M. Z., Mack, A., Bujko, K., Domingues, A., Pedziwiatr, D., Kucia, M., Ratajczak, J., Ulrich, H., Kucharska-Mazur, J., & Samochowiec, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Louisville (US)
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- Pomeranian Medical University (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Ratajczak, Mariusz Z.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Stem Cell Reviews and Reports
- Published
- 2019-04-24
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 497-505
- ISSN
- 1550-8943 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-6804
- PMC
- PMC6647482
- OpenAlex
- W2941464707
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 0.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Stem Cell Reviews and Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (2R01 DK074720)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- ATP, NLRP3 inflammasome, complement system, mannose-binding lectin, microglia, purinergic signaling, damage-associated molecular patterns, stem cell trafficking, bone marrow-derived stem cells, psychosis, systemic inflammation, anti-inflammatory therapy, mental illness
- MeSH terms
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein, Adenosine Triphosphate, Mental Disorders, Brain, Cell Movement, Complement System Proteins, Complement Activation, Humans, Inflammation, Stem Cells, Inflammasomes
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