Cited by 180Telomeres, Telomerase, and SenescenceGenetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model OrganismsMitochondrial Function and Pathology

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Telomeres and Mitochondrial Metabolism: Implications for Cellular Senescence and Age-related Diseases

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Gao, Xingyu, Yu, Xiao, Zhang, Chang, Wang, Yiming, Sun, Yanan, Sun, Hui, Zhang, Haiying, Shi, Yingai, He, Xu·2022·Stem Cell Reviews and Reports

DOI 10.1007/s12015-022-10370-8PMC PMC9033418

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Abstract

Cellular senescence is an irreversible cell arrest process, which is determined by a variety of complicated mechanisms, including telomere attrition, mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic disorders, loss of protein homeostasis, epigenetic changes, etc. Cellular senescence is causally related to the occurrence and development of age-related disease. The elderly is liable to suffer from disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and diabetes. Therefore, it is increasingly imperative to explore specific countermeasures for the treatment of age-related diseases. Numerous studies on humans and mice emphasize the significance of metabolic imbalance caused by short telomeres and mitochondrial damages in the onset of age-related diseases. Although the experimental data are relatively independent, more and more evidences have shown that there is mutual crosstalk between telomeres and mitochondrial metabolism in the process of cellular senescence. This review systematically discusses the relationship between telomere length, mitochondrial metabolic disorder, as well as their underlying mechanisms for cellular senescence and age-related diseases. Future studies on telomere and mitochondrial metabolism may shed light on potential therapeutic strategies for age-related diseases. Graphical Abstract The characteristics of cellular senescence mainly include mitochondrial dysfunction and telomere attrition. Mitochondrial dysfunction will cause mitochondrial metabolic disorders, including decreased ATP production, increased ROS production, as well as enhanced cellular apoptosis. While oxidative stress reaction to produce ROS, leads to DNA damage, and eventually influences telomere length. Under the stimulation of oxidative stress, telomerase catalytic subunit TERT mainly plays an inhibitory role on oxidative stress, reduces the production of ROS and protects telomere function. Concurrently, mitochondrial dysfunction and telomere attrition eventually induce a range of age-related diseases, such as T2DM, osteoporosis, AD, etc. :increase; :reduce;⟝:inhibition.

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Authors: Gao, X., Yu, X., Zhang, C., Wang, Y., Sun, Y., Sun, H., Zhang, H., Shi, Y., & He, X.
Affiliations: Jilin University (CN)
Corresponding author: He, Xu
ORCID: Zhang, Chang
Wang, Yiming
Sun, Yanan
Sun, Hui
He, Xu
Venue: Stem Cell Reviews and Reports
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2022-04-23
Volume: 18
Issue: 7
Pages: 2315-2327
ISSN: 1550-8943 (ISSN-L)
2629-3269
2629-3277
DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10370-8
PMC: PMC9033418
OpenAlex: W4224234800
Cited by: 180
References: 108
Citations by year: 2026: 41 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 5
FWCI: 4.78
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Stem Cell Reviews and Reports (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Science and Technology Projects of the Education Department of Jilin Province (JJKH20221058KJ)
Scientific Research Project of Jilin Provincial Bureau of Health (2020J030)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Keywords: cellular senescence, telomere shortening, mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondrial metabolism, age-related diseases, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), DNA damage, neurodegenerative diseases, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, metabolic imbalance, apoptosis
MeSH terms: Adenosine Triphosphate, Aged, Aging, Animals, Humans, Mitochondria, Telomere, Cellular Senescence, Reactive Oxygen Species, Telomerase, Mice

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Telomeres and Mitochondrial Metabolism: Implications for Cellular Senescence and Age-related Diseases

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