The DOI matches its Crossref record; 157 of the 157 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Current Perspectives on Severe Drug Eruption
Open accessAbstract
Adverse drug reactions involving the skin are commonly known as drug eruptions. Severe drug eruption may cause severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs), which are considered to be fatal and life-threatening, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Although cases are relatively rare, approximately 2% of hospitalized patients are affected by SCARs. There is an incidence of 2 to 7 cases/million per year of SJS/TEN and 1/1000 to 1/10,000 exposures to offending agents result in DRESS. However, the mortality rate of severe drug eruptions can reach up to 50%. SCARs represent a real medical emergency, and early identification and proper management are critical to survival. The common pathogenesis of severe drug eruptions includes genetic linkage with HLA- and non-HLA-genes, drug-specific T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, T cell receptor restriction, and cytotoxicity mechanisms. A multidisciplinary approach is required for acute management. Immediate withdrawal of potentially causative drugs and specific supportive treatment is of great importance. Immunoglobulins, systemic corticosteroids, and cyclosporine A are the most frequently used treatments for SCARs; additionally, new biologics and plasma exchange are reasonable strategies to reduce mortality. Although there are many treatment methods for severe drug eruption, controversies remain regarding the timing and dosage of drug eruption. Types, dosages, and indications of new biological agents, such as tumor necrosis factor antagonists, mepolizumab, and omalizumab, are still under exploration. This review summarizes the clinical characteristics, risk factors, pathogenesis, and treatment strategies of severe drug eruption to guide clinical management.
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“BDD is associated with social anxiety, avoidance, depressed mood, perfectionism, and low self-esteem. It can even lead to suicidality, especially in adolescents.[20]”
From Management of psychiatric disorders with HIV and dermatological disorders (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
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“BDD is associated with social anxiety, avoidance, depressed mood, perfectionism, and low self-esteem. It can even lead to suicidality, especially in adolescents.[20]”
From Management of psychiatric disorders with HIV and dermatological disorders (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
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Cites
Adverse drug reactions as cause of admission to hospital: prospective analysis of 18 820 patients
Pirmohamed, M., James, S., Meakin, S., Green, C., Scott, A. K., Walley, T. J., Farrar, K., Park, B. K., & Breckenridge, A. M. (2004) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.329.7456.15 · Cited by 3,230
Overlapping DRESS and Stevens-Johnson Syndrome: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Casagranda, A., Suppa, M., Dehavay, F., & del Marmol, V. (2017) · Case Reports in Dermatology · doi:10.1159/000475802 · Cited by 1,467
HLA-B*5801 allele as a genetic marker for severe cutaneous adverse reactions caused by allopurinol
Hung, S.-I., Chung, W.-H., Liou, L.-B., Chu, C.-C., Lin, M., Huang, H.-P., Lin, Y.-L., Lan, J.-L., Yang, L.-C., Hong, H.-S., et al. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0409500102 · Cited by 1,284
SCORTEN: A Severity-of-Illness Score for Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Fouchard, N., Bertocchi, M., Roujeau, J.-C., Revuz, J., Wolkenstein, P., & Bastuji-Garin, S. (2000) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00061.x · Cited by 1,199
Mepolizumab or Placebo for Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Wechsler, M. E., Akuthota, P., Jayne, D. G., Khoury, P., Klion, A. D., Langford, C. A., Merkel, P. A., Moosig, F., Specks, U., Cid, M. C., et al. (2017) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1702079 · Cited by 1,128
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The DRESS Syndrome: A Literature Review
Cacoub, P., Musette, P., Descamps, V., Meyer, O., Speirs, C., Finzi, L., & Roujeau, J. C. (2011) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.01.017 · Cited by 1,012
Kardaun, S. H., Sekula, P., Valeyrie-Allanore, L., Liss, Y., Chu, C. Y., Creamer, D., Sidoroff, A., Naldi, L., Mockenhaupt, M., Roujeau, J. C., et al. (2013) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/bjd.12501 · Cited by 1,010
Inhibition of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis by Blockade of CD95 with Human Intravenous Immunoglobulin
Viard, I., Wehrli, P., Bullani, R., Schneider, P., Holler, N., Salomon, D., Hunziker, T., Saurat, J.-H., Tschopp, J., & French, L. E. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.282.5388.490 · Cited by 1,005
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Cited by
Management of psychiatric disorders with HIV and dermatological disorders
Singh, O. P., Sarkhel, S., & Sarkar, S. (2022) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_14_22 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhang, J., Lei, Z., Xu, C., Zhao, J., & Kang, X.
- Affiliations
- People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Kang, Xiaojing
- ORCID
- Kang, Xiaojing
- Venue
- Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
- Published
- 2021-07-17
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 282-298
- ISSN
- 1080-0549 (ISSN-L)
- 1559-0267
- PMC
- PMC8286049
- OpenAlex
- W3179474331
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 157
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 1.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
- www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
- Locations
- Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Drug-Induced Adverse Reactions
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Contact Dermatitis and Allergies
- Keywords
- severe cutaneous adverse reactions, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, clothing, HLA association, T cell cytotoxicity, drug withdrawal, corticosteroids, cyclosporine, plasma exchange, tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, mepolizumab, omalizumab
- MeSH terms
- Drug Eruptions, Humans, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Current Perspectives on Severe Drug Eruption. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/s12016-021-08859-0
- The paper
- Zhang, J., Lei, Z., Xu, C., Zhao, J., & Kang, X. (2021). Current Perspectives on Severe Drug Eruption. Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-021-08859-0
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
