Comparative study between the effects of replacement therapy with liquid and tablet formulations of levothyroxine on mood states, self-perceived psychological well-being and thyroid hormone profile in recently thyroidectomized patients
Abstract
Following thyroid surgery, levothyroxine therapy is used to replace deficient thyroid hormones and prevent postoperative thyroid hypofunction. We compared the effects of replacement therapy with either liquid or tablet formulation of levothyroxine on mood states, self-perceived mental well-being and thyroid hormone profile in recently thyroidectomized patients. Profile of mood states, General Heath Questionnaire 12-items and thyroid hormone profile were assessed in recently (5-7 days) thyroidectomized patients at baseline and 2 months after randomization to replacement therapy with either liquid (n = 77) or tablet (n = 78) formulation of levothyroxine. After 2 months under levothyroxine replacement treatment, significant improvements of Positive Affect Scale (p < 0.001) and Negative Affect Scale (p < 0.001) of Profile of mood states, as well as of General Heath Questionnaire 12-items (p < 0.001) were observed in the study population. However, there were greater variations observed in patients assigned to liquid levothyroxine formulation in comparison to those who were assigned to levothyroxine in the form of tablet (time × treatment interaction: Positive Affect Scale of Profile of mood states, p = 0.030; Negative Affect Scale of Profile of mood states, p < 0.0001; General Heath Questionnaire 12-items, p = 0.003). As expected, circulating TSH levels significantly decreased (p <0.001) while FT3 and FT4 levels significantly increased (p < 0.0001 for both) under levothyroxine replacement therapy. These changes were significantly greater in patients treated with liquid levothyroxine formulation (time × treatment interaction: TSH, p = 0.011; FT3, p = 0.016; FT4, p = 0.028). Our data indicate a greater efficacy of liquid formulation of levothyroxine in ameliorating mood states and self-perception of mental well-being and thyroid hormone profile after 2 months of replacement therapy in recently thyroidectomized patients.
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The liquid preparation could ameliorate altered mood states, self-perception of mental well-being, and the TH profile in thyroidectomized patients.
“Interestingly, the liquid preparation could ameliorate altered mood states, self-perception of mental well-being, and the TH profile in thyroidectomized patients (214), although the improvement in mood states may not have been attributable to improved thyroid functions but something else.”
From Levothyroxine: conventional and novel drug delivery formulations. (2023) · cites this paper as [214]
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References 53 · Cited by 23
- Authors
- Lombardi, C. P., Bocale, R., Barini, A., Barini, A., D’Amore, A., Boscherini, M., & Bellantone, R.
- Affiliations
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Bocale, Raffaella
- Venue
- Endocrine
- Published
- 2016-07-07
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 51-59
- ISSN
- 0969-711X (ISSN-L)
- 1355-008X
- 1559-0100
- OpenAlex
- W2465003085
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5
- FWCI
- 2.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Endocrine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Keywords
- levothyroxine, liquid formulation, tablet formulation, thyroidectomy, thyroid hormone replacement, mood states, psychological well-being, thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, postoperative hypothyroidism
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Drug Compounding, Female, Health Status, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Tablets, Thyroid Diseases, Thyroidectomy, Thyrotropin, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Single-Blind Method, Mood Disorders, Hormone Replacement Therapy, Self Report
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