Improvement in Engineering Properties of Expansive Soils using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag
Abstract
Improvement in engineering properties of expansive soils by mixing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) is the main focus of this research. For this purpose two expansive soil samples were collected from DG Khan and Sialkot areas (Pakistan). Classification tests revealed that DG Khan sample belonged to fat clay (CH) while Sialkot soil was lean clay (CL) as classified by Unified Soil Classification System. GGBFS has been added in varying proportions between 0 and 55% in these soil samples to study its role in stabilizing these expansive soils. Based on the laboratory test performed on composite soil samples, it was observed that maximum dry unit weight increased up to 10 % by adding 50% GGBFS in both samples. California bearing ratio (CBR) value showed an increase from 3.2 % to 11.5% for DG Khan soil while CBR values varied from 2.4% to 10.7% for Sialkot soil by mixing 50% GGBFS. Addition of 30 % GGBFS to DG Khan soil reduced swell potential from 8 % to 2 % while in Sialkot soil, 20 % addition of GGBFS reduced swell potential from 5 % to 2 %. Unconfined compressive strength of remoulded sample cured for 28 days increased by about 35% with the addition of 30%GGBFS. The results indicated that mixing of GGBFS in the expansive soil samples have a marked increase in their engineering properties. Also, it is an affective and environmental friendly means to dispose waste of steel industry.
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Addition of fly ash is one method to stabilize soil because fly ash is a pozzolan that can bind to minerals in soil and make the soil stable.
“The addition of fly ash is one of the methods to stabilize soil because fly ash is a pozzolan, in which it can bind to minerals in soil and make the soil stable”
From Potential of Soil Stabilization Using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) and Fly Ash via Geopolymerization Method: A Review (2022) · cites this paper as [70]
Addition of fly ash reduces swell shrinkage of soil and improves soil strength.
“so as to reduce the swell shrinkage of the soil and improve soil strength [41,42,44,46,54,69,70,71,72,73].”
From Potential of Soil Stabilization Using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) and Fly Ash via Geopolymerization Method: A Review (2022) · cites this paper as [70]
The compressive strength of soil with 30% GGBFS fulfils ASTM D 4609 standard but requires long curing time.
“Although, the compressive strength of the soil fulfils the ASTM D 4609 [76] standard, it requires a long curing time to get the optimum strength value.”
From Potential of Soil Stabilization Using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) and Fly Ash via Geopolymerization Method: A Review (2022) · cites this paper as [70]
Mujtajab et al. found strength of remolded sample after 28 days increased by approximately 35% with addition of 30% GGBFS.
“The strength of a remolded sample after 28 days was increased by approximately 35% with the addition of 30% GGBFS.”
From Potential of Soil Stabilization Using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) and Fly Ash via Geopolymerization Method: A Review (2022) · cites this paper as [70]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Abdila, S. R., Abdullah, M. M. A. B., Ahmad, R., Burduhos Nergis, D. D., Rahim, S. Z. A., Omar, M. F., Sandu, A. V., Vizureanu, P., & Syafwandi (2022) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma15010375 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
- Authors
- Mujtaba, H., Aziz, T., Farooq, K., Sivakugan, N., & Das, B. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Engineering and Technology Lahore (PK)
- James Cook University (AU)
- California State University System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mujtaba, Hassan
- Aziz, Tahir
- Farooq, Khalid
- Sivakugan, Nagaratnam
- Das, Braja M.
- Venue
- Journal of the Geological Society of India
- Publisher
- Geological Society of India
- Published
- 2018-09-01
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 357-362
- ISSN
- 0016-7622 (ISSN-L)
- 0974-6889
- OpenAlex
- W2890102571
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 2.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of the Geological Society of India (publishedVersion)
- ResearchOnline - JCU (James Cook University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Geotechnical and construction materials studies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Materials Engineering and Processing
- Keywords
- expansive soil, ground granulated blast furnace slag, soil stabilization, swell potential, California bearing ratio, unconfined compressive strength, dry unit weight, lean clay, composite soil
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