The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Water quality assessment of carbonate aquifers in southern Latium region, Central Italy: a case study for irrigation and drinking purposes
Open accessAbstract
In southern Latium region, Central Italy, groundwater and spring water resources in the carbonate aquifers are the major contributors of drinking and irrigation water supply. The aim of this study was to review hydrochemical processes that control the groundwater chemistry and to determine the suitability of springs and groundwater for irrigation and drinking purposes on the basis of the water quality indices. Physical (pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids) and hydrochemical characteristics (Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , HCO 3 − , Cl − , and SO 4 − ) of springs and groundwater were determined. To assess the water quality, chemical parameters like sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), total hardness, Mg-hazard (MH), sodium percentage (Na %), salinity hazard, permeability index, and Kelly’s ratio were calculated based on the analytical results. A Durov diagram plot revealed that the groundwater has been evolved from Ca to HCO 3 recharge water, followed by mixing and reverse ion exchange processes, due to the respective dominance of Na–Cl and Ca–Cl water types. According to Gibbs’s diagram plots, chemical weathering of rock forming minerals is the major driving force controlling water chemistry in this area. Groundwater and spring samples were grouped into six categories according to irrigation water quality assessment diagram of US Salinity Laboratory classification and most of the water samples distributed in category C2–S1 and C3–S1 highlighting medium to high salinity hazard and low sodium content class. The results of hydrochemical analyses and the calculated water quality parameters suggest that most of the water samples are suitable for irrigation and drinking purposes, except for the samples influenced by seawater and enhanced water–rock interaction. High values of salinity, Na %, SAR, and MH at certain sites, restrict the suitability for agricultural uses.
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“Carbonate species (CO3 2 -, and HCO3 -) are the major component in the earth's crust and have significant importance in geological processes [25-27].”
From Advanced Oxidation Processes for Degradation of Water Pollutants—Ambivalent Impact of Carbonate Species: A Review (2023) · cites this paper as [27]
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Rayaroth, M. P., Boczkaj, G., Aubry, O., Aravind, U. K., & Aravindakumar, C. T. (2023) · Water · doi:10.3390/w15081615 · Cited by 171
“Carbonate species (CO − , and HCO 3 − ) are the major component in the earth’s crust and have significant importance in geological processes [25–27].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Sappa, G., Ergul, S., & Ferranti, F.
- Affiliations
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Sappa, Giuseppe
- Venue
- Applied Water Science
- Published
- 2013-10-24
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 115-128
- ISSN
- 2190-5487 (ISSN-L)
- 2190-5495
- OpenAlex
- W2155771760
- Cited by
- 79
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 1.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Applied Water Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- INFM-OAR (INFN Catania) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Water Quality and Pollution Assessment
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Water Quality and Resources Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry
- Keywords
- carbonate aquifers, groundwater quality, spring water, irrigation water suitability, drinking water suitability, water chemistry, water quality index, sodium adsorption ratio, salinity hazard, magnesium hazard, chemical weathering, saltwater intrusion, water-rock interaction, Durov diagram, Gibbs diagram, Latium region
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- Sappa, G., Ergul, S., & Ferranti, F. (2014). Water quality assessment of carbonate aquifers in southern Latium region, Central Italy: a case study for irrigation and drinking purposes. Applied Water Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-013-0135-9
