Adaptationism and the Logic of Research Questions: How to Think Clearly About Evolutionary Causes
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Byproduct explanations require detailed reconstruction and interpretation of causally complex developmental mechanisms linking the byproduct to the adaptive trait, and are arguably more demanding than adaptive explanations.
“As Lloyd [37] argues, far from being ‘null’ hypotheses of no effect, byproduct explanations require detailed reconstruction and interpretation of causally complex developmental mechanisms that link the byproduct to the adaptive trait. And insofar as they require both an adaptive explanation and a related developmental one, they are arguably more demanding than adaptative explanations [38].”
From Consciousness at sea (2025) · cites this paper as [37]
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References 105 · Cited by 73
- Authors
- Lloyd, E. A.
- Affiliations
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lloyd, Elisabeth A.
- ORCID
- Lloyd, Elisabeth A.
- Venue
- Biological Theory
- Published
- 2015-07-09
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 343-362
- ISSN
- 1555-5542 (ISSN-L)
- 1555-5550
- OpenAlex
- W770313112
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 38.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Biological Theory (publishedVersion)
- PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Arnold and Maxine Tanis
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Philosophy and History of Science
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Evolution and Science Education
- Keywords
- evolutionary psychology, null hypothesis, scientific reasoning, human behavioral ecology
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