In vitro bactericidal and virucidal efficacy of povidone-iodine gargle/mouthwash against respiratory and oral tract pathogens.
Open accessAbstract
Recent virus epidemics and rising antibiotic resistance highlight the importance of hygiene measures to prevent and control outbreaks. We investigated the in vitro bactericidal and virucidal efficacy of povidone-iodine (PVP-I) 7% gargle/mouthwash at defined dilution against oral and respiratory tract pathogens. PVP-I was tested against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae according to bactericidal quantitative suspension test EN13727 and against severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV), rotavirus strain Wa and influenza virus A subtype H1N1 according to virucidal quantitative suspension test EN14476. PVP-I 7% gargle/mouthwash was diluted 1:30 with water to a concentration of 0.23% (the recommended concentration for “real-life” use in Japan) and tested at room temperature under clean conditions [0.3 g/l bovine serum albumin (BSA), viruses only] and dirty conditions (3.0 g/l BSA + 3.0 ml/l erythrocytes) as an interfering substance for defined contact times (minimum 15 s). Rotavirus was tested without protein load. A ≥ 5 log 10 (99.999%) decrease of bacteria and ≥ 4 log 10 (99.99%) reduction in viral titre represented effective bactericidal and virucidal activity, respectively, per European standards. PVP-I gargle/mouthwash diluted 1:30 (equivalent to a concentration of 0.23% PVP-I) showed effective bactericidal activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae and rapidly inactivated SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, influenza virus A (H1N1) and rotavirus after 15 s of exposure. PVP-I 7% gargle/mouthwash showed rapid bactericidal activity and virucidal efficacy in vitro at a concentration of 0.23% PVP-I and may provide a protective oropharyngeal hygiene measure for individuals at high risk of exposure to oral and respiratory pathogens. Mundipharma Research GmbH & Co. KG (MRG).
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Povidone iodine (0.23-1%), cetylpyridinium chloride (0.05-0.10%), and hydrogen peroxide (0.5-1.5%) all effectively reduce the number of oral microbiota.
“Povidone iodine (PV-I, 0.23∼1%), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC, 0.05∼0.10%), and hydrogen peroxide (0.5∼1.5%) all effectively reduce the number of oral microbiota (Ardizzoni et al., 2018; Eggers et al., 2018; Li and Meng, 2020).”
From Oral Microbiome and SARS-CoV-2: Beware of Lung Co-infection (2020) · cites this paper as Eggers et al., 2018
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References 38 · Cited by 386
- Authors
- Eggers, M., Koburger-Janssen, T., Eickmann, M., & Zorn, J.
- Affiliations
- Philipps University of Marburg (DE)
- Mundipharma (Germany) (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Eggers, Maren
- ORCID
- Eggers, Maren
- Venue
- Infectious Diseases and Therapy
- Published
- 2018-04-09
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 249-259
- ISSN
- 2193-6382 (ISSN-L)
- 2193-8229
- PMC
- PMC5986684
- OpenAlex
- W2796759435
- Cited by
- 386
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 94 · 2020: 190 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 29.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Infectious Diseases and Therapy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Mundipharma
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Antimicrobial agents and applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infection Control in Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Emergency Medical Services › Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
- Keywords
- povidone-iodine, gargle, mouthwash, bactericidal activity, virucidal activity, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, H1N1 influenza, rotavirus, respiratory pathogens, oral pathogens, disinfectant efficacy
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