Cited by 1,646Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of LifeHealth Education and ValidationMedical Practices and Rehabilitation

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Health, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Quality of Life: What is the Difference?

Karimi, Milad, Brazier, John·2016·PharmacoEconomics

DOI 10.1007/s40273-016-0389-9

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Abstract

The terms health, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and quality of life (QoL) are used interchangeably. Given that these are three key terms in the literature, their appropriate and clear use is important. This paper reviews the history and definitions of the terms and considers how they have been used. It is argued that the definitions of HRQoL in the literature are problematic because some definitions fail to distinguish between HRQoL and health or between HRQoL and QoL. Many so-called HRQoL questionnaires actually measure self-perceived health status and the use of the phrase QoL is unjustified. It is concluded that the concept of HRQoL as used now is confusing. A potential solution is to define HRQoL as the way health is empirically estimated to affect QoL or use the term to only signify the utility associated with a health state.

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Self-citation

Authors: Karimi, M., & Brazier, J.
Affiliations: University of Sheffield (GB)
Corresponding author: Karimi, Milad
ORCID: Karimi, Milad
Brazier, John
Venue: PharmacoEconomics
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2016-02-18
Volume: 34
Issue: 7
Pages: 645-649
ISSN: 1170-7690 (ISSN-L)
1179-2027
DOI: 10.1007/s40273-016-0389-9
OpenAlex: W2279074305
Cited by: 1,646
References: 52
Citations by year: 2026: 142 · 2025: 232 · 2024: 252 · 2023: 237 · 2022: 217 · 2021: 224 · 2020: 169 · 2019: 92 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 1
FWCI: 110.08
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: PharmacoEconomics (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Funders: NIHR CLAHRC YH
Topics: Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Health Education and Validation
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Medical Practices and Rehabilitation
Keywords: health-related quality of life, quality of life, health, conceptual definitions, terminology, health perception, health utility
MeSH terms: Health Status, Humans, Terminology as Topic, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires

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Health, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Quality of Life: What is the Difference?

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