Cardiometabolic health, visceral fat and circulating irisin levels: Results from a real-world weight loss study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this pragmatic intervention study was to investigate changes in cardiometabolic outcomes, irisin plasma concentration, and body composition during a 4-month intervention in unselected obese individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 111 obese women aged 36.73 ± 7.2 years, we measured changes in weight, lipid profiles, glucose, insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance Index (HOMA-IR), uric acid, aminotransferases, and irisin. Body composition including lean mass (LM) and total (TF), gynoid (GF), android (AF), and visceral fat (VF) was assessed using densitometry. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The participants received tailored written advice targeting lifestyle according to current guidelines. At follow-up, patients rated their adherence in the self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Mean weight loss in the whole group was 3.12 kg (- 3.3%); 26% of the women achieved the desired target of weight loss (> 5% of the initial weight), whereas weight decreased moderately in 50% and increased in 14%. In 86 women with weight loss, there were significant changes in HOMA-IR (- 13.8%), insulin (- 11.2%), alanine aminotransferase (- 8.0%), VF (- 7.0%), AF (- 5.4%), TF (- 4.7%), GF (- 2.8%) and LM (- 1.5%), whereas irisin and HDL-C levels and the mean IPAQ score did not change. CONCLUSIONS: In this real-world evidence study, a successful weight loss achieved only 26% of patients, with overall much better adherence to diet restriction than to exercise. However, even mild to moderate weight loss resulted in significant improvements in cardiometabolic health. Weight loss was associated with a modest LM decrease but did not influence plasma irisin.
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Some studies report decreased circulating irisin in obese populations following training, potentially related to improvement of irisin resistance, a compensatory elevation in obesity due to reduced target tissue sensitivity.
“some studies report decreased circulating irisin in obese populations following training, potentially related to improvement of irisin resistance—a compensatory elevation in obesity due to reduced target tissue sensitivity [19,42,43].”
From Exercise-Induced Myokines in Obesity-Related Metabolic Disorders and Cardiovascular Protection: A Narrative Review (2026) · cites this paper as [43]
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports that irisin levels have decreased after chronic exercise training in some studies, but does not specify that those findings were in obese populations. It raises compensatory elevation due to irisin resistance as a possibility, while saying the explanation is unclear; it does not link a training-related decrease to improved irisin resistance. The Results > Irisin section (page unavailable) reports no change in irisin levels in this study. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMyokine resistance-observed for irisin and FGF21 in obese and diabetic states-complicates interpretation, as elevated circulating levels may reflect target tissue insensitivity rather than enhanced function.
“Third, the phenomenon of myokine resistance—observed for irisin [42,43] and FGF21 [51,52] in obese and diabetic states—complicates interpretation, as elevated circulating levels may reflect target tissue insensitivity rather than enhanced function.”
From Exercise-Induced Myokines in Obesity-Related Metabolic Disorders and Cardiovascular Protection: A Narrative Review (2026) · cites this paper as [43]
The Discussion reports that higher irisin levels are associated with insulin resistance and raises compensatory irisin resistance as a possible explanation. It explicitly says that explanation is unclear, so it does not establish irisin resistance as observed in obese or diabetic states. The FGF21 portion is attributed to other citations, not this paper. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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References 44 · Cited by 12
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [20]Biernat E, Stupicki R, Gajewski KA (2007) International questionnaire of physical activity (IPAQ)—Polish version. Wych Fiz Sport 51(1):47–54 (article in Polish)
- Authors
- Miazgowski, T., Kaczmarkiewicz, A., Miazgowski, B., & Kopeć, J.
- Affiliations
- Pomeranian Medical University (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Miazgowski, T.
- Venue
- Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
- Published
- 2020-09-06
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1243-1252
- ISSN
- 0391-4097 (ISSN-L)
- 1720-8386
- PMC
- PMC8124056
- OpenAlex
- W3083711582
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 0.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Endocrinological Investigation (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Pomorski Uniwersytet Medyczny W Szczecinie (MB-315-201/16)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Keywords
- obesity, weight loss, irisin, visceral fat, cardiometabolic health, insulin resistance, HOMA-IR, body composition, lean body mass, lifestyle intervention, dietary adherence, exercise adherence, obese women, lipid profile, uric acid
- MeSH terms
- Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Adult, Blood Glucose, Body Composition, Cardiovascular Diseases, Densitometry, Diet Therapy, Female, Fibronectins, Humans, Insulin, Obesity, Weight Loss, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Risk Reduction Behavior
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