The Application and Evolution of the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM): History and Innovations
Open accessAbstract
Implementation science theories, models, and frameworks (TMF) should help users understand complex issues in translating research into practice, guide selection of appropriate implementation strategies, and evaluate implementation outcomes. They should also be sensitive to evidence from projects that apply the framework, evolve based on those experiences, and be accessible to a range of users. This paper describes these issues as they relate to the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM). PRISM was created to assess key multilevel contextual factors related to the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance (RE-AIM) outcomes of health interventions. We describe key aspects of PRISM and how it has been applied, evolved, and adapted across settings, time, and content areas. Since its development in 2008 PRISM has been used in over 200 publications, with increased use in recent years. It has been used for a wide variety of purposes and more recent applications have focused on increasing its accessibility for non-researcher groups and more rapid and iterative application for use in learning heath systems. PRISM has been applied to address health equity issues including representation, representativeness, and co-creation activities in both US and non-US settings. We describe common types of adaptations made by implementation teams when applying PRISM to fit with the resources and priorities of diverse and low-resource settings. We conclude by summarizing lessons learned and providing recommendations for future research and practice using PRISM.
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Prior work suggests that the success of prevention programs may depend on school culture, available resources, student engagement, and implementer characteristics.
“Prior work suggests that the success of prevention programs may depend on school culture, available resources, student engagement, and implementer characteristics [42,43].”
From Effectiveness of the Botvin High School LifeSkills Training Intervention on Adolescent Substance Use: A Cluster Randomized Trial (2026) · cites this paper as [43]
In “Using PRISM to Guide Adaptations” (page unavailable), the paper identifies organizational characteristics, available resources, staff, and environmental norms as factors to assess for program success. It also considers whether programs reach intended recipients, including students. The paper does not specifically establish that school culture or student engagement affects the success of school prevention programs; its framework is broader than that setting. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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References 87 · Cited by 70
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). Free Press.
- Authors
- Glasgow, R. E., Trinkley, K. E., Ford, B., & Rabin, B. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Glasgow, Russell E.
- Venue
- Global Implementation Research and Applications
- Published
- 2024-08-31
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 404-420
- ISSN
- 2662-9275 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11573842
- OpenAlex
- W4402089361
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 30
- FWCI
- 40.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Global Implementation Research and Applications (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (P50 CA244688)
- National Institutes of Health (5UH3CA233314-03)
- Health Services Research and Development (1I01HX003079-01A1)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (1K23HL161352)
- Quality Enhancement Research Initiative (QUERI 15-268)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Sciences Research and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
- Keywords
- PRISM, implementation research frameworks, research-to-practice translation, health equity, co-creation, resource-limited settings, framework adaptation, intervention sustainability
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