Cited by 152Atrial Fibrillation Management and OutcomesCardiac Arrhythmias and TreatmentsCardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Efficacy and safety of intravenous diltiazem for treatment of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter

Salerno, David M., Dias, Virgil C., Kleiger, Robert E., Tschida, Victor H., Sung, Ruey J., Sami, Magdi, Giorgi, Lee V.·1989·The American Journal of Cardiology

DOI 10.1016/0002-9149(89)90076-3

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

This study evaluates the effectiveness and safety of intravenous diltiazem for the treatment of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. A double-blind, parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled protocol was used, and 6 large, urban hospitals, both university-affiliated and private, participated. The study involved 113 patients with atrial fibrillation or flutter, a ventricular rate greater than or equal to 120 beats/min and systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg without severe heart failure. The dose of intravenous diltiazem (or identical placebo) was 0.25 mg/kg/2 minutes followed 15 minutes later by 0.35 mg/kg/2 minutes if the first dose was tolerated but ineffective. If a patient did not respond, the code was broken and the patient was allowed to receive open-label diltiazem if placebo had been given. Of 56 patients, 42 (75%) randomized to receive diltiazem responded to 0.25 mg/kg and 10 of 14 responded to 0.35 mg/kg, for a total response rate of 52 of 56 patients (93%), whereas 7 of 57 patients (12%) responded to placebo (p less than 0.001). After the double-blind protocol, 49 of the 57 patients who received placebo were then given diltiazem; 47 of 49 responded, for an overall response rate of 99 of 105 patients (94%) with diltiazem. The median time from the start of drug infusion to the maximal decrease in heart rate was 4.3 minutes. Side effects occurred in 14 patients, 7 of whom had asymptomatic hypotension not requiring intervention. Thus, intravenous diltiazem was rapidly effective for slowing the ventricular response in most patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. Blood pressure decreased slightly. Side effects were mild.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/0002-9149(89)90076-3

Cites

23 of 23 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Diltiazem
Chaffman, M. O., & Brogden, R. N. (1985) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-198529050-00001 · Cited by 374
Digoxin for Converting Recent-Onset Atrial Fibrillation to Sinus Rhythm
Falk, R. H., Knowlton, A. A., Bernard, S. A., Gotlieb, N. E., & Battinelli, N. J. (1987) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-106-4-503 · Cited by 335
Verapamil for Control of Ventricular Rate in Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia and Atrial Fibrillation or Flutter
Waxman, H. L., Myerburg, R. J., Appel, R. A., & Sung, R. J. (1981) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-94-1-1 · Cited by 209
Beneficial hemodynamic effects of intravenous and oral diltiazem in severe congestive heart failure
Walsh, R., Porter, C., Starling, M. R., & O’Rourke, R. A. (1984) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(84)80365-4 · Cited by 96
Electrophysiologic effects of diltiazem hydrochloride on supraventricular tachycardia
Rozanski, J. J., Zaman, L., & Castellanos, A. (1982) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(82)80021-0 · Cited by 82
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of esmolol, a short-acting beta blocker, with placebo in the treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias
Anderson, S., Blanski, L., Byrd, R. C., Das, G., Engler, R. L., Laddu, A. R., Lee, R., Rajfer, S. I., SCHROEDER, J. S., Steck, J. D., et al. (1986) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(86)90551-x · Cited by 80
Beneficial effect of intravenous diltiazem in the acute management of paroxysmal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias.
Betriu, A., CHAITMAN, B. R., Bourassa, M. G., Brévers, G., Scholl, J.-M., Bruneau, P., Gagné, P., & Chabot, M. (1983) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.67.1.88 · Cited by 78
Efficacy of oral diltiazem to control ventricular response in chronic atrial fibrillation at rest and during exercise
Steinberg, J. S., Katz, R. J., Bren, G. B., Buff, L. A., & Varghese, P. J. (1987) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(87)80396-0 · Cited by 66
Treatment of Atrial Arrhythmias
Haft, J. I. (1986) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1986.00360180067011 · Cited by 48
Calcium antagonists for Prinzmetal's variant angina, unstable angina and silent myocardial ischemia: Therapeutic tool and probe for identification of pathophysiologic mechanisms
Stone, P. H. (1987) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(87)90089-0 · Cited by 46

Show all 23 references

Sorted by citations

Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care
Panchal, A. R., Bartos, J. A., Cabañas, J. G., Donnino, M. W., Drennan, I. R., Hirsch, K. G., Kudenchuk, P. J., Kurz, M. C., Lavonas, E. J., Morley, P. T., et al. (2020) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000916 · Cited by 2,312
Part 4: Pediatric Basic and Advanced Life Support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care
Topjian, A., Raymond, T. T., Atkins, D. L., Chan, M., Duff, J. P., Joyner, B. L., Lasa, J. J., Lavonas, E. J., Levy, A. R., Mahgoub, M., et al. (2020) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000901 · Cited by 1,333
2019 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular tachycardiaThe Task Force for the management of patients with supraventricular tachycardia of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
Brugada, J., Katritsis, D. G., Arbelo, E., Arribas, F., Bax, J. J., Blomström‐Lundqvist, C., Calkins, H. G., Corrado, D., Deftereos, S. G., Diller, G., et al. (2019) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz467 · Cited by 1,312
Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Prystowsky, E. N., Benson, D. W., Fuster, V., Hart, R. G., Kay, G. N., Myerburg, R. J., Naccarelli, G. V., & Wyse, D. G. (1996) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.93.6.1262 · Cited by 638
2015 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Management of Adult Patients With Supraventricular Tachycardia: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society
Page, R. L., Joglar, J. A., Caldwell, M. A., Calkins, H., Conti, J. B., Deal, B. J., Estes, N. A. M., Field, M. E., Goldberger, Z. D., Hammill, S. C., et al. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000311 · Cited by 595
2015 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Management of Adult Patients With Supraventricular Tachycardia
Page, R. L., Joglar, J. A., Caldwell, M. A., Calkins, H., Conti, J. B., Deal, B. J., Estes, N. A. M., Field, M. E., Goldberger, Z. D., Hammill, S. C., et al. (2016) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.08.856 · Cited by 439
Management of Atrial Fibrillation
Wood, A. J. J., & Pritchett, E. L. C. (1992) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199205073261906 · Cited by 322
Management of Atrial Fibrillation: Review of the Evidence for the Role of Pharmacologic Therapy, Electrical Cardioversion, and Echocardiography
McNamara, R. L., Tamariz, L. J., Segal, J. B., & Bass, E. B. (2003) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-139-12-200312160-00012 · Cited by 212
2015 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline for the management of adult patients with supraventricular tachycardia
Page, R. L., Joglar, J. A., Caldwell, M. A., Calkins, H. G., CONTI, J. B., Deal, B. J., Estes, N. A. M., Field, M. E., Goldberger, Z. D., Hammill, S. C., et al. (2015) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.09.019 · Cited by 213
Guidelines on the prevention and management of de novo atrial fibrillation after cardiac and thoracic surgery
Dunning, J., Treasure, T., Versteegh, M. I. M., & Nashef, S. A. M. (2006) · European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.ejcts.2006.09.003 · Cited by 198
European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) consensus document on the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, endorsed by Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and Sociedad Latinoamericana de Estimulacion Cardiaca y Electrofisiologia (SOLAECE)
Katritsis, D. G., Boriani, G., Cosio, F. G., Hindricks, G., Jaïs, P., Josephson, M. E., Keegan, R., Kim, Y.-H., Knight, B. P., Kuck, K.-H., et al. (2017) · Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euw301 · Cited by 188
2015 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Management of Adult Patients With Supraventricular Tachycardia: Executive Summary
Page, R. L., Joglar, J. A., Caldwell, M. A., Calkins, H. G., CONTI, J. B., Deal, B. J., Estes, N. A. M., Field, M. E., Goldberger, Z. D., Hammill, S. C., et al. (2015) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000310 · Cited by 186
Diltiazem
Buckley, M. M.-T., Grant, S., Goa, K. L., McTavish, D., & Sorkin, E. M. (1990) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-199039050-00009 · Cited by 172
A placebo-controlled trial of continuous intravenous diltiazem infusion for 24-hour heart rate control during atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter: a multicenter study
Ellenbogen, K. A., Dias, V. C., Plumb, V. J., Heywood, J. T., & Mirvis, D. M. (1991) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0735-1097(91)90743-s · Cited by 160
Self-citation
Management of Newly Detected Atrial Fibrillation: A Clinical Practice Guideline from the American Academy of Family Physicians and the American College of Physicians
Snow, V. T., Weiss, K. B., LeFevre, M., McNamara, R., Bass, E. B., Green, L. A., Michl, K., Owens, D. K., Susman, J., Allen, D. I., et al. (2003) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-139-12-200312160-00011 · Cited by 146
Digoxin for Atrial Fibrillation: A Drug Whose Time Has Gone?
Falk, R. H., & Leavitt, J. I. (1991) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-114-7-573 · Cited by 131
Part 9: Adult Advanced Life Support: 2025 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care
Wigginton, J. G., Agarwal, S., Bartos, J. A., Coute, R. A., Drennan, I. R., Haamid, A. S., Kudenchuk, P. J., Link, M. S., Panchal, A. R., Pelter, M. M., et al. (2025) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001376 · Cited by 164
Effects of Diltiazem Versus Digoxin on Dysrhythmias and Cardiac Function After Pneumonectomy
Amar, D., Roistacher, N., BURT, M. E., Rusch, V. W., Bains, M. S., Leung, D. H. Y., Downey, R. J., & Ginsberg, R. J. (1997) · The Annals of Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0003-4975(97)80354-2 · Cited by 115
Emergency management of atrial fibrillation and flutter: intravenous diltiazem versus intravenous digoxin
Schreck, D. M., Rivera, A. R., & Tricarico, V. J. (1997) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0196-0644(97)70319-6 · Cited by 113
A randomized, double-blind comparison of intravenous diltiazem and digoxin for atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery
Tisdale, J. E., Padhi, I. D., Goldberg, A. D., Silverman, N. A., Webb, C. R., Higgins, R. S. D., Paone, G., Frank, D. M., & Borzak, S. L. (1998) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/s0002-8703(98)70031-6 · Cited by 107
Effectiveness and costs of digoxin treatment for atrial fibrillation and flutter
Roberts, S. A., Diaz, C., Nolan, P. E., Salerno, D. M., Stapczynski, J. S., Zbrozek, A. S., Ritz, E. G., Bauman, J. L., & Vlasses, P. H. (1993) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(93)90353-e · Cited by 103
The Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation
Nattel, S., Hadjis, T., & Talajic, M. R. (1994) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-199448030-00003 · Cited by 102
2015 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Management of Adult Patients With Supraventricular Tachycardia: Executive Summary
Page, R. L., Joglar, J. A., Caldwell, M. A., Calkins, H. G., CONTI, J. B., Deal, B. J., Estes, N. A. M., Field, M. E., Goldberger, Z. D., Hammill, S. C., et al. (2015) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.09.019 · Cited by 100
Intravenous diltiazem for the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation or flutter and moderate to severe congestive heart failure
Goldenberg, I. F., Lewis, W. R., Dias, V. C., Heywood, J. T., & Pedersen, W. R. (1994) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(94)90580-0 · Cited by 99
Intravenous diltiazem is superior to intravenous amiodarone or digoxin for achieving ventricular rate control in patients with acute uncomplicated atrial fibrillation
Siu, C.-W., Lau, C.-P., Lee, W.-L., Lam, K.-F., & Tse, H.-F. (2009) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181a02f56 · Cited by 96
Practical compendium of antiarrhythmic drugs: a clinical consensus statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association of the European Society of Cardiology
Merino, J. L., Tamargo, J. L., Blomström‐Lundqvist, C., Boriani, G., Crijns, H. J. G. M., Dobrev, D., Goette, A., Hohnloser, S. H., Naccarelli, G. V., Reiffel, J. A., et al. (2025) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euaf076 · Cited by 112
Cost-effective management of acute atrial fibrillation: role of rate control, spontaneous conversion, medical and direct current cardioversion, transesophageal echocardiography, and antiembolic therapy
Naccarelli, G. V., Dell’Orfano, J. T., Wolbrette, D. L., Patel, H. M., & Luck, J. C. (2000) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(00)00905-x · Cited by 81
Safety and efficacy of intravenousdiltiazem in atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter
Ellenbogen, K. A., Dias, V. C., Cardello, F. P., Strauss, W., Simonton, C. A., Pollak, S. J., Wood, M. A., & Stambler, B. S. (1995) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(99)80525-6 · Cited by 67
Magnesium therapy in new-onset atrial fibrillation
Brodsky, M. A., Orlov, M. V., Capparelli, E. V., Allen, B. J., Iseri, L. T., Ginkel, M. L., & Orlov, Y. S. K. (1994) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(94)90190-2 · Cited by 60
Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation and Subsequent Maintenance of Sinus Rbythm
Gelder, I. C. V., & Crijns, H. J. G. M. (1997) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.1997.tb06116.x · Cited by 57
Pharmacological rate control of atrial fibrillation
Tamariz, L. J., & Bass, E. B. (2004) · Cardiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0733-8651(03)00111-5 · Cited by 53
Management of the Older Person With Atrial Fibrillation
Aronow, W. S. (2002) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/57.6.m352 · Cited by 53
Acute Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation
Kowey, P. R., Marinchak, R. A., Rials, S. J., & Filart, R. A. (1998) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(98)00182-9 · Cited by 53
Effects of intravenous diltiazem on rapid atrial fibrillation accompanied by congestive heart failure
Heywood, J. T., Graham, B. H., Marais, G. E., & Jutzy, K. R. (1991) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(91)90885-o · Cited by 53
Acute Ventricular Rate Control in Atrial Fibrillation
Wattanasuwan, N., Khan, I. A., Mehta, N. J., Arora, P., Singh, N., Vasavada, B. C., & Sacchi, T. J. (2001) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.119.2.502 · Cited by 49
Redefining the role of digoxin in the treatment of atrial fibrillation
Sarter, B. H., & Marchlinski, F. E. (1992) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(92)91256-4 · Cited by 42
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous diltiazem in patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter.
Dias, V. C., Weir, S. J., & Ellenbogen, K. A. (1992) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.86.5.1421 · Cited by 37
Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy in the Management of Atrial Fibrillation
Ganz, L. I., & Antman, E. M. (1997) · Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8167.1997.tb01005.x · Cited by 38
Management of atrial fibrillation
Hersi, A. S., & Wyse, D. G. (2005) · Current Problems in Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2004.09.002 · Cited by 36
The use of diltiazem for treating rapid atrial fibrillation in the out-of-hospital setting
Wang, H. E., O’Connor, R. E., Megargel, R. E., Schnyder, M. E., Morrison, D. M., Barnes, T. A., & Fitzkee, A. (2001) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1067/mem.2001.111518 · Cited by 36
EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
Li, H., Easley, A. R., Barrington, W. W., & Windle, J. R. (1998) · Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70008-0 · Cited by 35
Electrophysiologic Effects of a Novel Selective Adenosine A1 Agonist (CVT-510) on Atrioventricular Nodal Conduction in Humans
Lerman, B. B., Ellenbogen, K. A., Kadish, A. H., Platia, E. V., Steín, K. M., Markowitz, S. M., Mittal, S., Slotwiner, D. J., Scheiner, M. A., Iwai, S., et al. (2001) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.1177/107424840100600304 · Cited by 34
Aminophylline Induced Atrial Fibrillation
Varriale, P., & Ramaprasad, S. (1993) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.1993.tb00987.x · Cited by 31
2015 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline for the management of adult patients with supraventricular tachycardia: Executive summary
Page, R. L., Joglar, J. A., Caldwell, M. A., Calkins, H. G., CONTI, J. B., Deal, B. J., Estes, N. A. M., Field, M. E., Goldberger, Z. D., Hammill, S. C., et al. (2015) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.09.018 · Cited by 32
Optimal heart rate control for patients with chronic atrial fibrillation: Are pharmacologic choices truly changing?
Zarowitz, B. J. M., & Gheorghiade, M. (1992) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(92)91058-9 · Cited by 31
Effectiveness of Verapamil-Quinidine Versus Digoxin-Quinidine in the Emergency Department Treatment of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Innes, G. D., Vertesi, L., Dillon, E. C., & Metcalfe, C. (1997) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0196-0644(97)70318-4 · Cited by 29
Atrial fibrillation: Epidemiology, mechanisms, and management
Sra, J. S., Dhala, A. A., Blanck, Z., Deshpande, S., Cooley, R., & Akhtar, M. (2000) · Current Problems in Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0146-2806(00)80003-1 · Cited by 28
Acute ventricular rate control in atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter
Khan, I. A., Nair, C. K., Singh, N., Gowda, R. M., & Nair, R. C. (2004) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2003.08.006 · Cited by 26
Is There a Future for Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy?
Guerra, P. G., Talajic, M. R., Roy, D., Dubuc, M., Thibault, B., & Nattel, S. (1998) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-199856050-00003 · Cited by 25
Safety of Intravenous Diltiazem in Reduced Ejection Fraction Heart Failure with Rapid Atrial Fibrillation
Jandali, M. B. (2018) · Clinical Drug Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40261-018-0631-7 · Cited by 25
Narrow Complex Tachycardias: Differential Diagnosis and Management
Sager, P. T., & Bhandari, A. K. (1991) · Cardiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0733-8651(18)30268-6 · Cited by 23
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS AND PACEMAKERS IN OLDER PERSONS: Series Editor: Wilbert S. Aronow, MD: Management of the Older Person With Atrial Fibrillation
Aronow, W. S. (1999) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1999.tb01602.x · Cited by 23
2020 Clinical practice guidelines for Supraventricular tachycardia in adults
Bokeria, L. A., Golukhova, E. Z., Popov, S. V., Artyukhina, Е. А., Базаев, В. А., Batalov, R. E., Bokeria, O. L., Vygovsky, A. B., Gilyarov, M. Y., Sp, G., et al. (2021) · Russian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2021-4484 · Cited by 23
The peri‐operative management of atrial fibrillation
Nathanson, M. H., & Gajraj, N. M. (1998) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2044.1998.465-az0558.x · Cited by 20
MANAGEMENT OF ARRHYTHMIAS
Lampert, R., & Ezekowitz, M. D. (2000) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-0690(05)70030-6 · Cited by 21
Current status of calcium channel blockers in patients with cardiovascular disease
Freher, M., Challapalli, S., Pinto, J. V., Schwartz, J. B., Bonow, R. O., & Gheorgiade, M. (1999) · Current Problems in Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0146-2806(99)90000-2 · Cited by 19
The treatment of atrial fibrillation: Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic strategies
Viskin, S., Barron, H. V., Heller, K., Scheinman, M. M., & Olgin, J. E. (1997) · Current Problems in Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0146-2806(97)80014-x · Cited by 19
Atrial fibrillation (acute onset).
Lip, G. Y. H., & Watson, T. (2008) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 18
Esmolol Compared with Amiodarone in the Treatment of Recent-Onset Atrial Fibrillation (RAF): An Emergency Medicine External Validity Study
Milojévic, K., Beltramini, A., Nagash, M., Muret, A., Richard, O., & Lambert, Y. (2019) · Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2018.12.010 · Cited by 17
THE MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Masoudi, F. A., & Goldschlager, N. (1997) · Cardiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0733-8651(05)70370-2 · Cited by 17
Role of calcium antagonists for heart rate control in atrial fibrillation
Ellenbogen, K. A. (1992) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(92)91348-8 · Cited by 17
Control of heart rate during transition from intravenous to oral diltiazem in atrial fibrillation or flutter
Blackshear, J. L., Stambler, B. S., Strauss, W., Roy, D., Dias, V. C., Beach, C. L., & Ebener, M. K. (1996) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(96)00604-2 · Cited by 16
Conversion of Atrial Fibrillation to Sinus Rhythm During Treatment With Intravenous Esmolol or Diltiazem: A Prospective, Randomized Comparison
Hassan, S. A., Ahmad, S., Kamalakannan, D., Khoury, R., Kakish, E. J., Maria, V., Ahmed, S., Pires, L. A., Kronick, S. L., Oral, H., et al. (2007) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.1177/1074248407303792 · Cited by 16
Verapamil Prolongs Atrial Fibrillation by Evoking An Intense Sympathetic Neurohumoral Effect
Friedman, H. S., Rodney, E., Sinha, B., Sharafkhaneh, A., Wattanasuwan, N., Win, M., Mallipeddi, D. R., Sinha, A. K., Hussain, A., & Dai, C. P. (1999) · Journal of Investigative Medicine · doi:10.1177/108155899904700608 · Cited by 16
Continuous intravenous diltiazem infusion for short-term ventricular rate control in children
Pass, R. H., Liberman, L., Al-Fayaddh, M., Flynn, P., & Hordof, A. J. (2000) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(00)01016-x · Cited by 16
Cardiac arrhythmia therapy
Vukmir, R. B. (1995) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/0735-6757(95)90139-6 · Cited by 16
Comparison of Weight-Based Dose vs. Standard Dose Diltiazem in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Presenting to the Emergency Department
Ross, A. L., O’Sullivan, D. M., Drescher, M. J., & Krawczynski, M. A. (2016) · Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.05.036 · Cited by 15
Atrial Fibrillation
Aronow, W. S. (2002) · Heart Disease · doi:10.1097/00132580-200203000-00006 · Cited by 14
Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter
Aronow, W. S. (2008) · Cardiology in Review · doi:10.1097/crd.0b013e3181723694 · Cited by 14
Atrial fibrillation: New management strategies
Pai, S. M., & Torres, V. I. (1993) · Current Problems in Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0146-2806(93)90024-v · Cited by 14
Acute Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter
Anderson, J. L. (1996) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(96)00561-9 · Cited by 14
PHARMACOLOGIC CONTROL OF HEART RATE IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Falk, R. H. (1996) · Cardiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0733-8651(05)70301-5 · Cited by 14
Management of Patients with Syncope and Cardiac Arrhythmias in an Emergency Department Observation Unit
Cunningham, R. M., & Mikhail, M. G. (2001) · Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70170-x · Cited by 13
Pharmacologic cardioversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
deSouza, I. S., Tadrous, M., Sexton, T., Benabbas, R., Carmelli, G., & Sinert, R. H. (2020) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euaa024 · Cited by 14
Diltiazem
Markham, A., & Brogden, R. N. (1993) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.2165/00002512-199303040-00007 · Cited by 13
Current therapy for supraventricular tachycardia
Haines, D. E., & Dimarco, J. (1992) · Current Problems in Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0146-2806(92)90012-d · Cited by 13
Cardiovascular Effects of Intravenous Diltiazem in Dogs with Iatrogenic Atrial Fibrillation
Miyamoto, M., Nishijima, Y., Nakayama, T., & Hamlin, R. L. (2000) · Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02254.x · Cited by 11
P REHOSPITAL M ANAGEMENT OF A CUTE T ACHYARRHYTHMIAS
Slovis, C. M., Kudenchuk, P. J., Wayne, M. A., Aghababian, R. V., & Rivera–Rivera, E. J. (2003) · Prehospital Emergency Care · doi:10.1080/10903120390937030 · Cited by 12
Pharmacological Management of Arrhythmias in the Elderly
Gelder, I. C. V., Brügemann, J., & Crijns, H. J. G. M. (1997) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.2165/00002512-199711020-00002 · Cited by 12
Amiodarone for Atrial Fibrillation Following Cardiac Surgery: Development of Clinical Practice Guidelines at a University Hospital
Khanderia, U., WAGNER, D. S., Walker, P. C., Woodcock, B. J., & Prager, R. L. (2007) · Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.1002/clc.20040 · Cited by 12
Narrow Complex Tachycardias
Collier, W., Holt, S. E., & Wellford, L. A. (1995) · Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0733-8627(20)30595-2 · Cited by 12
Class IV Antiarrhythmic Agents: New Compounds Using an Old Strategy
Szentandrássy, N., Nagy, D., Hegyi, B., Magyar, J., Bányász, T., & Nánási, P. P. (2014) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612820666141029105910 · Cited by 11
Calcium chloride before i.v. diltiazem in the management of atrial fibrillation
Kolkebeck, T., Abbrescia, K., Pfaff, J. A., Glynn, T. E., & Ward, J. A. (2004) · Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2003.12.020 · Cited by 11
High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of diltiazem and two of its metabolites in plasma using a short alkyl chain silanol deactivated column
Rutledge, D. R., Abadi, A., Lopez, L. M., & Beaudreau, C. A. (1993) · Journal of Chromatography B Biomedical Sciences and Applications · doi:10.1016/0378-4347(93)80296-g · Cited by 11
Contemporary management of atrial fibrillation
Ukani, Z., & Ezekowitz, M. D. (1995) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0025-7125(16)30024-4 · Cited by 11
CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS
Amar, D. (1998) · Chest Surgery Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1052-3359(25)00371-0 · Cited by 11
Assessment of new onset postcoronary artery bypass surgery atrial fibrillation: current practice pattern review and the development of treatment guidelines
Thompson, A. E., Hirsch, G., & Pearson, G. J. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2710.2002.00383.x · Cited by 10
Optimal Management of Older Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Aronow, W. S. (1994) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.2165/00002512-199404030-00002 · Cited by 10
The pharmacologic treatment of atrial fibrillation
Bolognesi, R. (1991) · Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy · doi:10.1007/bf03029730 · Cited by 10
Diltiazem to treat sinus tachycardia in critically ill patients: A four-year experience
Gabrielli, A., Gallagher, T. J., Caruso, L. J., Bennett, N. T., & Layon, A. J. (2001) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-200110000-00004 · Cited by 9
Prehospital management of rapid atrial fibrillation: Recommendations for treatment protocols
Abarbanell, N. R., Marcotte, M. A., Schaible, B. A., & Aldinger, G. (2001) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1053/ajem.2001.18124 · Cited by 9
Prescribing Trends and Pharmacoeconomic Considerations in the Treatment of Arrhythmias
Phillips, B. G., & Bauman, J. L. (1995) · PharmacoEconomics · doi:10.2165/00019053-199507060-00006 · Cited by 9
Bayesian Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials on the Efficacy of Antiarrhythmics in the Pharmacological Cardioversion of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Orso, D., Santangelo, S., Guglielmo, N., Bove, T., Cilenti, F., Cristiani, L., & Copetti, R. (2023) · American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40256-023-00586-5 · Cited by 8
Clinical Decision Analysis Modeling: Short‐Term Control of Ventricular Response Rate in Atrial Fibrillation or Atrial Flutter—Digoxin versus Diltiazem
Gonzalez, E. R., Ornato, J. P., & Lawson, C. L. (1994) · Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy · doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1994.tb02835.x · Cited by 8
Intravenous Diltiazem in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation/Atrial Flutter
Dias, V. C., & Plumb, V. J. (1991) · Clinical Drug Investigation · doi:10.1007/bf03259534 · Cited by 8
Executive Summary: European Heart Rhythm Association Consensus Document on the Management of Supraventricular Arrhythmias
Katritsis, D. G., Boriani, G., Cosío, F. G., Jaı̈s, P., Hindricks, G., Josephson, M. E., Keegan, R., Knight, B. P., Kück, K., Lane, D. A., et al. (2016) · Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review · doi:10.15420/aer.2016:5.3.gl1 · Cited by 7
The Safety and Efficacy of Verapamil Versus Diltiazem Continuous Infusion for Acute Rate Control of Atrial Fibrillation at an Academic Medical Center
Forshay, C. M., Boyd, J. M., Rozycki, A. J., & Pilz, J. (2020) · Hospital Pharmacy · doi:10.1177/0018578720925388 · Cited by 8
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Verapamil and Diltiazem for Rate Control in Rapidly Conducted Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter
Rajput, F. A., Du, L., Chappell, R. J., Berei, T. J., Goldberger, Z. D., & Wright, J. M. (2020) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-020-06051-2 · Cited by 7
12 Calcium channel blockers
Leslie, J. B., & Tardiff, B. E. (1995) · Baillière s Clinical Anaesthesiology · doi:10.1016/s0950-3501(95)80060-3 · Cited by 7
How to Measure AV Nodal Refractoriness in the Presence of Verapamil, Amiodarone, Digoxin, and Diltiazem
STARK, G., KASPER, K., Schulze-Bauer, C. A. J., Stark, U., DECRINIS, M., & Tritthart, H. A. (1996) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.1996.tb03307.x · Cited by 8

Authors: Salerno, D. M., Dias, V. C., Kleiger, R. E., Tschida, V. H., Sung, R. J., Sami, M., & Giorgi, L. V.
Affiliations: San Francisco General Hospital (US)
Corresponding author: Salerno, David M.
ORCID: Salerno, David M.
Venue: The American Journal of Cardiology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1989-05
Volume: 63
Issue: 15
Pages: 1046-1051
ISSN: 0002-9149 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(89)90076-3
OpenAlex: W1998994470
Cited by: 152
References: 23
Citations by year: 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 6.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: The American Journal of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
Keywords: atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular rate control, calcium channel blockers, antiarrhythmic efficacy, drug safety, hypotension, placebo response
MeSH terms: Aged, Atrial Fibrillation, Atrial Flutter, Blood Pressure, Diltiazem, Double-Blind Method, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Injections, Intravenous, Male, Middle Aged, Random Allocation, Multicenter Studies as Topic

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Efficacy and safety of intravenous diltiazem for treatment of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks