The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The ultrasonic changes in the maturing placenta and their relation to fetal pulmonic maturity
Abstract
A practical classification of placental maturity changes has been developed based on a review of multiple ultrasound evaluations of placental texture over a 4 year period. This classification grades placentas from 0 to 3 according to specific ultrasonic findings at the basal and chorionic plates as well as within the substance of the organ itself. The placentas of 129 patients were graded according to this system at the time of ultrasound evaluation. Eighty-six patients had placentas classified as Grade 1 or greater and all of these had lecithin-sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio determinations performed. Mature L/S ratios (2.0) were found in 68% of Grade I (21/31), 88% of Grade II (28/32), and 100% of Grade III placentas (23/23). These results suggest a correlation between maturational changes of the placenta as seen by ultrasound and fetal pulmonic maturity as indicated by L/S ratio.
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In the citing paper
“in 1979, the first placental maturity staging method14 was proposed by Grannum et al. to divide the chorionic, substance, and basal plates of the placenta into four stages.”
From Discriminative Learning for Automatic Staging of Placental Maturity via Multi-layer Fisher Vector (2015) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“However, this method relied on visual observation of placental US images to determine the calcification degree, which was highly dependent on the subjective judgment of the operator.”
From Discriminative Learning for Automatic Staging of Placental Maturity via Multi-layer Fisher Vector (2015) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“Grannum et al. [6] presented the fi rst PMG method on grayscale ultrasound images to classify the chorionic plate, substance, and basal plate of the placenta into four grades, as shown in Figure 1.”
From DilatedFormer: dilated granularity transformer network for placental maturity grading in ultrasound (2023) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Although achieving promising results, this method largely relied on the visual inspection of ultrasound images to stage the placental maturity, which is subjective and time-consuming and lacks objective measurement.”
From DilatedFormer: dilated granularity transformer network for placental maturity grading in ultrasound (2023) · cites this paper as [6]
Citations
Cites
Diagnosis of the respiratory distress syndrome by amniocentesis
Gluck, L., Kulovich, M. V., Borer, R. C., Brenner, P. H., Anderson, G. G., & Spellacy, W. N. (1971) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(71)90342-5 · Cited by 904
Vascular anatomy of the human placenta
Crawford, J. (1962) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(62)90003-0 · Cited by 102
Placental aging monitored by gray scale echography
Fisher, C. C., Garrett, W. J., & KOSSOFF, G. (1976) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(76)90173-3 · Cited by 64
Jiménez, J. M. M., Schultz, M., MacDonald, P. C., & Johnston, J. M. (2010) · Gynecologic Investigation · doi:10.1159/000301657 · Cited by 58
Echographic changes with placental ageing
Winsberg, F. (1973) · Journal of Clinical Ultrasound · doi:10.1002/jcu.1870010111 · Cited by 43
DIAGNOSIS OF THE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME BY AMNIOCENTESIS
Gluck, L., Kulovich, M. V., Borer, R. C., Brenner, P. H., Anderson, G. G., & Spellacy, W. N. (1971) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/00006254-197110000-00012 · Cited by 16
Mikrokalzifikation der Plazenta. ? Ultraschallnachweis w�hrend der Schwangerschaft
Stein, W. W., Kr�mer, A., Gerner, R. E., & Halberstadt, E. (1977) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/bf00679455 · Cited by 1
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Items 401–408 of 408
Chernov, A., & Serbeniuk, A. (2026) · Perinatology and reproductology from research to practice · doi:10.52705/2788-6190-2026-01-4
Wertigkeit der Dopplersonografie im Vergleich zu anderen Überwachungsverfahren
Gnirs, J. L., & Lobmaier, S. M. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-71396-9_20
Kliman, H. J., Romero, R., MEYYAZHAGAN, A., Avila, C., Chaiworapongsa, T., Awonuga, A. O., & Tarca, A. L. (2026) · Journal of Perinatal Medicine · doi:10.1515/jpm-2026-0110
Increased Placental Calcifications in Fetal Skeletal Dysplasias
Moss, K. E., Keir, H. L., Boyd, T. K., Aras, S., Nair, S., & Kim, C. F. (2026) · Pediatric and Developmental Pathology · doi:10.1177/10935266261441712
Gnirs, J. L., Schneider, K.-T. M., Kühnert, M., & Schiermeier, S. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-70578-0_42
Fetal Monitoring in Pregnancy (Indication and Methodology of CTG and Doppler)
Gnirs, J. L., Schneider, K.-T. M., Schiermeier, S., Kehl, S., & von Kaisenberg, C. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-70578-0_13
Scott, A. K., Louwagie, E., Chandler, E. P., Fosher, C., Arter, A., Manyx, F., Yang, P., Kolluru, S. S., Kamilov, U. S., Odibo, A. O., et al. (2026) · Placenta · doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2026.07.011
Parmar, R., Gupta, Y. R., Dholakiya, D. K., & Bhakta, M. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.118386
Metadata
- Authors
- Grannum, P. A. T., Berkowitz, R. L., & Hobbins, J. C.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Grannum, Peter A.T.
- Venue
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1979-04
- Volume
- 133
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 915-922
- ISSN
- 0002-9378 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1871835765
- Cited by
- 408
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 17.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Keywords
- placental maturity, placental ultrasound, fetal lung maturity, lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio, chorionic plate, basal plate, fetal lung maturation
- MeSH terms
- Amniotic Fluid, Classification, Female, Fetus, Humans, Lung, Phosphatidylcholines, Placenta, Pregnancy, Sphingomyelins, Ultrasonography
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