The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Strips: A new approach to the application of theorem proving to problem solving
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Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Related to program synthesis are the fields of automated theorem proving (Loveland, 2016) and automated planning (Ghallab et al., 2004).Both areas study methods for efficient automated reasoning over formal models, with the former focused on reasoning over mathematical theories and program logics, and with the latter, by analogy (Fikes & Nilsson, 1971), focused on reasoning over theories of”
From Towards Guaranteed Safe AI: A Framework for Ensuring Robust and Reliable AI Systems (2024) · cites this paper as Fikes & Nilsson, 1971
In the citing paper
“The factored form subsumes STRIPS operators, where the add and delete lists are the difference between an object before and after, with conditional effects organized by type rather than enumerated [Fikes and Nilsson, 1971, Pednault, 1989, McDermott et al., 1998].”
From OPINE-World: Programmatic World Modeling with Ontology-error-Prioritized Interactive Exploration for ARC-AGI-3 (2026) · cites this paper as Fikes and Nilsson, 1971
In the citing paper
“Regression planning presupposes a goal written as a conjunction of facts with operators that declare which facts they add and delete, the STRIPS form [Fikes and Nilsson, 1971].”
From OPINE-World: Programmatic World Modeling with Ontology-error-Prioritized Interactive Exploration for ARC-AGI-3 (2026) · cites this paper as Fikes and Nilsson, 1971
Citations
Cites
(1997) · Naming the Mind: How Psychology Found its Language · doi:10.4135/9781446221815.n7 · Cited by 15,148
Some Philosophical Problems from the Standpoint of Artificial Intelligence
McCarthy, J., & Hayes, P. J. (1981) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-934613-03-3.50033-7 · Cited by 3,296
Problem-Solving Methods in Artificial Intelligence
Nilsson, N. J. (1971) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 1,607
Self-citationGPS : a case study in generality and problem solving
Ernst, G. W., & Newell, A. (1969) · Cited by 503
Green, C. (1981) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-934613-03-3.50019-2 · Cited by 459
Application of Theorem Proving to Problem Solving
Green, C. (1969) · doi:10.21236/ada459656 · Cited by 290
Toward automatic program synthesis
Manna, Z., & Waldinger, R. J. (1971) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/362566.362568 · Cited by 285
PROW: a step toward automatic program writing
Waldinger, R. J., & Lee, R. C. T. (1969) · International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence · Cited by 114
Extracting information from resolution proof trees
Luckham, D. C., & Nilsson, N. J. (1971) · Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/0004-3702(71)90003-8 · Cited by 61
Self-citationMonitored Execution of Robot Plans Produced by Strips
Fikes, R. E. (1971) · doi:10.21236/ada459662 · Cited by 57
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Garvey, 1969, User's guide to QA3.5 Question-Answering System, Stanford Research Institute Artifical Intelligence Group Technical Note 15
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Sorted by citations
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Using plan-based reward shaping to learn strategies in StarCraft: Broodwar
Efthymiadis, K., & Kudenko⋆, D. (2013) · IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG) · doi:10.1109/cig.2013.6633622 · Cited by 27
Generating Executable Action Plans with Environmentally-Aware Language Models
Gramopadhye, M., & Szafir, D. (2023) · 2023 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) · doi:10.1109/iros55552.2023.10341989 · Cited by 26
MPTP: Motion-Planning-Aware Task Planning for Navigation in Belief Space
Thomas, A., Mastrogiovanni, F., & Baglietto, M. (2021) · Robotics and Autonomous Systems · doi:10.1016/j.robot.2021.103786 · Cited by 21
Embodied Agent Interface: Benchmarking LLMs for Embodied Decision Making
Li, M., Zhao, S., Wang, Q., Wang, K., Zhou, Y., Srivastava, S., Gokmen, C., Lee, T., Li, L., Zhang, R., et al. (2024) · Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 37 · doi:10.52202/079017-3188 · Cited by 21
Towards Guaranteed Safe AI: A Framework for Ensuring Robust and Reliable AI Systems
Dalrymple, D. "., Skalse, J., Bengio, Y., Russell, S., Tegmark, M., Seshia, S., Omohundro, S., Szegedy, C., Goldhaber, B., Ammann, N., et al. (2024) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2405.06624 · Cited by 12
Planetarium: A Rigorous Benchmark for Translating Text to Structured Planning Languages
Zuo, M., Velez, F. P., Li, X., Littman, M., & Bach, S. (2025) · Proceedings of the 2025 Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers) · doi:10.18653/v1/2025.naacl-long.560 · Cited by 5
“Planetarium focuses on classical planning problems within the STRIPS subset of PDDL (Mc-Dermott et al., 1998; Fikes and Nilsson, 1971).”
Dagan, G., Keller, F., & Lascarides, A. (2023) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2308.06391 · Cited by 5
The Illusion of Diminishing Returns: Measuring Long Horizon Execution in LLMs
Sinha, A., Arun, A., Goel, S., Staab, S., & Geiping, J. (2025) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2509.09677 · Cited by 1
“In symbolic AI, once tasks are formalized, for example, into STRIPS plans (Fikes & Nilsson, 1971), they can be executed without issues.”
A Comment On "The Illusion of Thinking": Reframing the Reasoning Cliff as an Agentic Gap
Khan, S., Madhavan, S., & Natarajan, K. (2025) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2506.18957
Courtis, D., Li, W., & Sanner, S. (2026) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.01531
Habitat 2.0: Training home assistants to rearrange their habitat
Szot, A., Clegg, A., Undersander, E., Wijmans, E., Zhao, Y., Turner, J., Maestre, N., Mukadam, M., Chaplot, D., Maksymets, O., et al. (2021) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2106.14405 · Cited by 143
Metadata
- Authors
- Fikes, R. E., & Nilsson, N. J.
- Affiliations
- SRI International (US)
- Venue
- Artificial Intelligence
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1971-12
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 3-4
- Pages
- 189-208
- ISSN
- 0004-3702 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2337392266
- Cited by
- 4,882
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 53 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 94 · 2022: 132 · 2021: 135 · 2020: 138 · 2019: 112 · 2018: 169 · 2017: 133 · 2016: 114 · 2015: 128 · 2014: 165 · 2013: 159 · 2012: 157
- FWCI
- 16.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Artificial Intelligence (publishedVersion)
- American Association for Artificial Intelligence eBooks
- International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › AI-based Problem Solving and Planning
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization
- Keywords
- STRIPS, problem solving, theorem proving, means-ends analysis, world models, first-order logic, operator sequences, goal satisfaction
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