The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Compound action potential of nerve recorded by suction electrode: a theoretical and experimental analysis
Open accessAbstract
Suction electrodes are widely used for recording compound action potentials (CAPs) from peripheral nerves or central tracts. Unfortunately, the recordings obtained with suction electrodes often vary over time, making quantitative measurement of CAP amplitude difficult. We developed an equivalent electrical model which predicts that the magnitude of a recorded potential will be linearly related to the resistance of the electrode with a nerve inserted. Mathematical procedures were developed that allow correction of virtually all variability inherent in this type of recording; this variability may arise from resistance drift, variable stimulus artifact, or potentials generated as a result of the current of injury. The validity of the theoretical analysis was confirmed experimentally using rat optic nerves. The magnitude of the CAP and electrode resistance varied spontaneously by as much as 100% over time, due to changes in electrode resistance and size of the stimulus artifact. Because the CAP was linearly related to resistance, it was therefore best quantified by the slope computed from this relationship. The stimulus artifact, unlike the CAP itself, was shown to be independent of recording electrode resistance and therefore only resulted in a variable offset to the area vs resistance linear relationship; the slope of this relationship was unaffected. In the absence of stimulation, a steady negative DC potential was recorded from the optic nerve, which was greatest immediately after dissection, and was also a linear function of electrode resistance. In contrast to CAP amplitude, the latencies of the component peaks within the CAP were not significantly altered by changes in electrode resistance. The experimental results confirmed the validity of the electrical model and demonstrated that suction electrodes can be a very reliable and quantitative recording method if the signals are properly corrected.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“CAP area is proportional to the total number of excited axons (Stys et al., 1991).”
From Oligodendroglial NMDA receptors regulate glucose import and axonal energy metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as Stys et al., 1991
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Evoked action potentials and conduction velocity in human sensory nerves
Buchthal, F., & Rosenfalck, A. (1966) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(66)90056-4 · Cited by 748
Physiological properties of glial cells in the central nervous system of amphibia.
Kuffler, S. W., Nicholls, J. G., & Orkand, R. K. (1966) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1966.29.4.768 · Cited by 596
Function and distribution of three types of rectifying channel in rat spinal root myelinated axons.
Baker, M. D., Bostock, H., Grafe, P., & Martius, P. (1987) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1987.sp016395 · Cited by 352
Rat optic nerve: electrophysiological, pharmacological and anatomical studies during development
Foster, R. E., Connors, B. W., & Waxman, S. G. (1982) · Developmental Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0165-3806(82)90005-0 · Cited by 278
A new method for measuring membrane potentials with external electrodes
Stämpfli, R. (1954) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf02166189 · Cited by 271
Activity‐dependent excitability changes in normal and demyelinated rat spinal root axons.
Bostock, H., & Grafe, P. (1985) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1985.sp015769 · Cited by 267
Electrophysiological properties of neonatal rat motoneurones studied in vitro.
FULTON, B. P., & Walton, K. D. (1986) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1986.sp015956 · Cited by 223
Role of extracellular calcium in anoxic injury of mammalian central white matter.
Stys, P. K., Ransom, B. R., Waxman, S. G., & Davis, P. K. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.11.4212 · Cited by 205
Potassium and calcium changes in injured spinal cords
Young, W., & Koreh, I. (1986) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(86)90720-1 · Cited by 193
Huxley, A. F., & Stämpfli, R. (1951) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1951.sp004545 · Cited by 175
Butt, A. M., & Ransom, B. R. (1989) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.440020609 · Cited by 165
Hildebrand, C., & Waxman, S. G. (1984) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902240103 · Cited by 165
Activity-Dependent K + Accumulation in the Developing Rat Optic Nerve
Connors, B. W., Ransom, B. R., Kunis, D. M., & Gutnick, M. J. (1982) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7079771 · Cited by 162
Effects of nerve impulses on threshold of frog sciatic nerve fibres.
Raymond, S. A. (1979) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1979.sp012771 · Cited by 135
Membrane Potentials of the Lobster Giant Axon Obtained by Use of the Sucrose-Gap Technique
Julian, F. J., Moore, J. W., & Goldman, D. E. (1962) · The Journal of General Physiology · doi:10.1085/jgp.45.6.1195 · Cited by 124
Cummins, K. L., Perkel, D. H., & Dorfman, L. J. (1979) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(79)90101-9 · Cited by 117
Long-term regenerated nerve fibres retain sensitivity to potassium channel blocking agents
Kocsis, J. D., & Waxman, S. G. (1983) · Nature · doi:10.1038/304640a0 · Cited by 73
Young, W., Koreh, I., Yen, V., & Lindsay, A. D. (1982) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(82)90678-3 · Cited by 71
Strain differences in quantitative analysis of the rat optic nerve
Fukuda, Y., Sugimoto, T., & Shirokawa, T. (1982) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/0014-4886(82)90181-9 · Cited by 67
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ASTROCYTES
Ransom, B. R., & Carlini, W. G. (1986) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-250452-5.50005-x · Cited by 63
The contribution by glial cells to surface recordings from the optic nerve of an amphibian
Cohen, M. W. (1970) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1970.sp009227 · Cited by 57
Mammalian optic nerve fibers display two pharmacologically distinct potassium channels
Kocsis, J. D., Gordon, T. R., & Waxman, S. G. (1986) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(86)90040-5 · Cited by 50
Sodium channels in axons and glial cells of the optic nerve of Necturus maculosa.
Tang, C. M., Strichartz, G. R., & Orkand, R. K. (1979) · The Journal of General Physiology · doi:10.1085/jgp.74.5.629 · Cited by 47
Dudél, J. (1971) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00586421 · Cited by 42
Impulses at the Artifactual Nerve EndPreprint
Easton, D. M. (1965) · Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology · doi:10.1101/sqb.1965.030.01.006 · Cited by 39
Scholfield, C. N. (1990) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)90530-o · Cited by 32
Carley, L. R., & Raymond, S. A. (1987) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1987.sp016548 · Cited by 22
Pathophysiology of the spinal cord studied in vitro
Somjen, G. G., & Czéh, G. (1989) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/0165-0270(89)90007-1 · Cited by 14
Stys, P. K. (1991) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/0165-0270(91)90020-z · Cited by 6
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Stys, P.K., A general-purpose program for acquisition, storage and digital processing of transient signals,J. Neurosci. Methods, in press.
- Stys, 1989, The role of calcium in anoxic injury in mammalian central white matter, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 15, 1145
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Stys, P., Waxman, S., & Ransom, B. (1992) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.12-02-00430.1992 · Cited by 662
Oligodendroglial NMDA receptors regulate glucose import and axonal energy metabolism
Saab, A. S., Tzvetavona, I. D., Trevisiol, A., Baltan, S., Dibaj, P., Kusch, K., Möbius, W., Goetze, B., Jahn, H. M., Huang, W., et al. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.05.016 · Cited by 590
“130 Neuron 91, 119–132, July 6, 2016 CAP area is proportional to the total number of excited axons (Stys et al., 1991).”
NMDA receptors mediate calcium accumulation in myelin during chemical ischaemia
Micu, I., Jiang, Q., Coderre, E., Ridsdale, A., Zhang, L., Woulfe, J., Yin, X., Trapp, B. D., McRory, J. E., Rehak, R., et al. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04474 · Cited by 504
Wender, R., Brown, A. M., Fern, R., Swanson, R. A., Farrell, K., & Ransom, B. R. (2000) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-18-06804.2000 · Cited by 374
Dependence of nodal sodium channel clustering on paranodal axoglial contact in the developing CNS
Rasband, M. N., Peles, E., Trimmer, J. S., Levinson, S. R., Lux, S. E., & Shrager, P. (1999) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-17-07516.1999 · Cited by 325
Metadata
- Authors
- Stys, P. K., Ransom, B. R., & Waxman, S. G.
- Affiliations
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
- Corresponding author
- Stys, Peter K.
- Venue
- Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1991-04
- Volume
- 546
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 18-32
- ISSN
- 0006-8993 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2001522791
- Cited by
- 195
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain Research (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- Multiple Sclerosis Society
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Social Sciences › Education › Undergraduate Neuroscience Education and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Intraoperative Neuromonitoring and Anesthetic Effects
- Keywords
- compound action potential, suction electrodes, neural recording, electrode resistance, equivalent circuit model, stimulus artifact, optic nerve, injury current, action potential amplitude, action potential latency
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Electric Stimulation, Electrodes, Evoked Potentials, Membrane Potentials, Models, Biological, Neurons, Optic Nerve, Regression Analysis, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
