Oxygen isotope fractionations involving apatites: Application to paleotemperature determination

The theoretical calibration of apatite-water systems can be applied to paleotemperature determinations of ancient oceans.

“Particularly, the theoretical calibration of the apatite-water systems can be applied to paleotemperature determinations of ancient oceans (Zheng, 1996).”

The calculation procedures closely follow those summarized by Zheng (1996), who illustrated the suitability of using the C-O bond in calcite as the reference bond for P-O bonds in phosphates.

“All of the calculation procedures closely follow those summarized by Zheng (1996), who has also illustrated the suitability of using the C-O bond in calcite as the reference bond for P-O bonds in phosphates.”

For the sulfate minerals, it is appropriate to assume the close similarity in crystal chemistry and oxygen isotope behavior to carbonates, as successfully demonstrated for phosphates (Zheng, 1996).

“For the sulfate minerals, it is appropriate to assume the close similarity in crystal chemistry and oxygen isotope behavior to carbonates, as successfully demonstrated for phosphates (Zheng, 1996).”

Oxygen isotope inheritance in mineral formation by cation substitution has been supposed for the replacement of wolframite to scheelite in nature and apatite to BiPO4 in laboratory.

“The oxygen isotope inheritance in mineral formation by cation substitution has been supposed for the replacement of wolframite to scheelite in nature (Zheng, 1992) and apatite to BiPO₄ in laboratory (Shemesh et al., 1988; Zheng, 1996).”