Metabolic control, food intake and mood during the menstrual cycle in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes
Abstract
The impact of menstruation on metabolic control was studied among 20 insulin-dependent diabetics (IDDM) and 20 healthy controls during two menstrual cycles. No systematic fluctuation in glycated protein, blood glucose levels, food intake, intake of mono- and disaccharides, body weight, or mood could be seen during different weeks in the menstrual cycle. A tendency towards menstruation-related variations in the number of insulin reactions and amount of extra injected insulin was observed in the patient group. Levels of glycated protein were significantly (P < 0.05) higher during the premenstruational than during the postmenstruational week, although the difference was small in absolute terms. A poorer mood during the premenstruation weeks (indicating premenstruation syndrome) was associated with a high number of hypoglycemic events (P < 0.01) and frequent changes in insulin doses (P < 0.01). Thus, taken as a group diabetic women do not experience great changes in food intake or metabolic control during the menstrual cycle. This does not exclude the possibility that a small proportion of women have major menstruation related difficulties in controlling their diabetes.
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Fourteen studies were included in the systematic review.
“We included 14 studies published between 1990 and 2022, with sample sizes from 4 to 124 patients.”
From Menstrual Cycle, Glucose Control and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review (2023) · cites this paper as [11]
A number of variables and determinants (e.g., carbohydrate intake, physical activity, premenstrual syndrome symptoms, sleep quality and quantity) have to be considered when monitoring patients over a medium-to-long period.
“the number of variables and determinants to be considered when monitoring patients over a medium-to-long period (i.e., carbohydrate intake, the frequency, duration and intensity of physical activity, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms and the quality and quantity of sleep) [8,9,10,11]”
From Menstrual Cycle, Glucose Control and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review (2023) · cites this paper as [11]
Two studies found unchanged glucose metrics across phases of the menstrual cycle in women with type 1 diabetes, checked by CGM or SMBG.
“two studies [11,21] show unchanged glucose metrics across phases of the MC, checked by CGM or SMBG.”
From Menstrual Cycle, Glucose Control and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review (2023) · cites this paper as [11]
Cites
Alterations in Glucose Metabolism During Menstrual Cycle in Women With IDDM
Widom, B., Diamond, M. P., & Simonson, D. C. (1992) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.15.2.213 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Insulin Action Does Not Change During the Menstrual Cycle in Normal Women*
TOTH, E. L., SUTHIJUMROON, A., CROCKFORD, P. M., & RYAN, E. A. (1987) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-64-1-74 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
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Menstrual Cycle, Glucose Control and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review
Gamarra, E., & Trimboli, P. (2023) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm13020374 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“[11] F and L Dates of menses Patient reported data NA Patient reported data Yes Yes Yes No Not SS differences in glucose and food intake in L vs.”
Background
- Authors
- Lundman, B., Asplund, K., & Norberg, A.
- Affiliations
- Länssjukhuset Sundsvall-Härnösand (SE)
- University Hospital of Umeå (SE)
- Umeå University (SE)
- Venue
- International Journal of Nursing Studies
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1994-08
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 391-401
- ISSN
- 0020-7489 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2092375774
- Cited by
- 9
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Nursing Studies (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes, menstrual cycle, glycated proteins, glycemic control, dietary intake, mood, premenstrual syndrome, hypoglycemia, insulin dose adjustment, women with diabetes
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Affect, Blood Glucose, Body Weight, Energy Intake, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Insulin, Menstrual Cycle, Case-Control Studies
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