The combination of randomized and historical controls in clinical trials
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Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Precise matching protocols are essential to ensure valid comparisons and reduce bias.
“However, precise matching protocols are essential to ensure valid comparisons and reduce bias (Pocock 1976).”
From Dental Research in the Digital Age: The Registry-Based Clinical Trial. (2026) · cites this paper as Pocock 1976
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References 8 · Cited by 514
- Authors
- Pocock, S. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Pocock, Stuart J.
- ORCID
- Pocock, Stuart J.
- Venue
- Journal of Chronic Diseases
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1976-03
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 175-188
- ISSN
- 0021-9681 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2075095321
- Cited by
- 514
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 5.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Chronic Diseases (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Optimal Experimental Design Methods
- Keywords
- historical controls, clinical trial design, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, cancer clinical trials
- MeSH terms
- Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Mathematics, Models, Theoretical, Research Design, Statistics as Topic, Therapeutics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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