The role of spouse reinforcement, perceived pain, and activity levels of chronic pain patients
Abstract
Levels of pain, activity, marital satisfaction, and contingent reinforcement for expressions of pain and suffering were assessed in chronic pain patients. In addition, spouses' marital satisfaction, mood, life control, and self-reported responses to the patient's pain were examined. Multiple regression analyses revealed that spouse reinforcement of overt expressions of pain was significantly related to both perceived pain and activity levels of chronic pain patients. The best predictor of patients' pain and activity levels was patients' perception of spouse reinforcement, followed by spouses' self-reported responses to the patients' pain. Spouse reinforcement of pain was not associated with spouses' marital satisfaction or perception of patients' pain levels. Rather, spouse reinforcement was associated with high interference of patients' pain with spouses' lives, spouses' positive mood, spouses' perception of more life control, as well as longer duration of the pain problem. The data support the importance of the spouse as a potential source of reinforcement of pain behavior.
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Contempt is negatively associated with marital and psychological adjustment in healthy couples.
“Researchers have found a negative association between an intense form of invalidation (i.e., contempt) and marital and psychological adjustment in healthy couples 4, 15.”
From Empathic and nonempathic interaction in chronic pain couples. (2008) · cites this paper as [4]
Relationships patients have with those around them play an important role in the experience of pain and what people do about it; exclusion of important others may disengage the patient or instil barriers to participation.
“However, the relationships patients have with those around them play an important role in the experience of pain51 52 and what people do about it51; exclusion of important others at a critical time may also disengage the patient or instil other barriers to their participation in the project.”
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References 19 · Cited by 281
- Authors
- Flor, H., Kerns, R. D., & Turk, D. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Psychosomatic Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1987-01
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 251-259
- ISSN
- 0022-3999 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2031410737
- Cited by
- 281
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 4.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Psychosomatic Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- chronic pain, marital satisfaction, pain perception, activity level, contingent reinforcement, pain behavior, life control, positive mood, pain interference
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Chronic Disease, Depression, Humans, Marriage, Middle Aged, Motor Activity, Pain, Regression Analysis, Reinforcement, Social, Social Perception
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