The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Why are there so many tiny sperm? Sperm competition and the maintenance of two sexes
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The genetical theory of natural selection
Fisher, R. A. (1930) · doi:10.5962/bhl.title.27468 · Cited by 17,617
SPERM COMPETITION AND ITS EVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES IN THE INSECTS
PARKER, G. A. (1970) · Biological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.1970.tb01176.x · Cited by 3,596
Self-citationThe theory of games and the evolution of animal conflicts
Maynard Smith, J. (1974) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-5193(74)90110-6 · Cited by 2,410
Cited by
Associations between body size, mating pattern, testis size and sperm lengths across butterflies
(1994) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1994.0169 · Cited by 417
Preston, B. T., Stevenson, I. R., Pemberton, J. M., Coltman, D. W., & Wilson, K. (2003) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2268 · Cited by 358
Sperm wars and the evolution of male fertility
Simmons, L. W., & Fitzpatrick, J. L. (2012) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/rep-12-0285 · Cited by 346
Sperm competition games: individual assessment of sperm competition intensity by group spawners
(1996) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1996.0189 · Cited by 314
Gomendio, M., Harcourt, A. H., & Roldán, E. R. S. (1998) · Sperm Competition and Sexual Selection · doi:10.1016/b978-012100543-6/50041-6 · Cited by 283
Metadata
- Authors
- Parker, G. A.
- Venue
- Journal of Theoretical Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1982-05
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 281-294
- ISSN
- 0022-5193 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2128461971
- Cited by
- 498
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 5.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Why are there so many tiny sperm? Sperm competition and the maintenance of two sexes. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/0022-5193(82)90225-9
- The paper
- Parker, G. A. (1982). Why are there so many tiny sperm? Sperm competition and the maintenance of two sexes. Journal of Theoretical Biology. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5193(82)90225-9
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.