Food reward and cocaine increase extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens as measured by microdialysis
Abstract
Dopamine was measured by microdialysis in the nucleus accumbens of freely moving rats while they experienced rewarding food, brain stimulation and drugs. Extracellular dopamine increased 37% when the animals pressed a lever for food reward. Electrical stimulation of a lateral hypothalamic feeding-reward (self-stimulation) site caused a similar increase in dopamine, with or without food. At the site in the nucleus accumbens where rats will administer amphetamine to themselves, injections of amphetamine or cocaine increased extracellular dopamine five-fold. Thus amphetamine and cocaine increase dopamine in a behavior reinforcement system which is normally activated by eating. Conversely, the release of dopamine by eating could be a factor in addiction to food.
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Animal studies show dopamine is released in the mesolimbic pathway in response to rewards including sex, food, water, and intracranial self-stimulation.
“animal studies have shown that DA is released in this pathway in response to a wide variety of rewards, including sex, food, water, and intracranial self-stimulation (Cooper and Breese 1975; Hernandez and Hoebel 1988; Damsma et al 1992; Yoshida et al 1992; Young et al 1992).”
From The behavioral, anatomical and pharmacological parallels between social attachment, love and addiction (2012) · cites this paper as Hernandez and Hoebel 1988
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References 31 · Cited by 627
- Authors
- Hernandez, L., & Hoebel, B. G.
- Affiliations
- Princeton University (US)
- Venue
- Life Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1988-01
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 1705-1712
- ISSN
- 0024-3205 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2028839831
- Cited by
- 627
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 6.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Life Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA 03597)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- food reward, cocaine, amphetamine, extracellular dopamine, nucleus accumbens, lateral hypothalamus, self-stimulation, brain stimulation, food addiction
- MeSH terms
- Amphetamine, Animals, Cocaine, Dialysis, Dopamine, Eating, Electric Stimulation, Extracellular Space, Food, Homovanillic Acid, Hypothalamus, Kinetics, Male, Nucleus Accumbens, Rats, Inbred Strains, Reinforcement, Psychology, Reward, Septal Nuclei, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid, Rats
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