The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Transport of toxic dinoflagellate cysts via ships' ballast water
Open accessAbstract
Toxic dinoflagellate species that are not endemic to an area can be inadvertently introduced when their cysts are discharged with the ballast tank sediments of bulk container ships. These species, which can affect fish- and shellfish-farms, pose a serious threat to public health and aquaculture. Among 80 cargo vessels entering Australian ports, 40% contained viable dinoflagellate cysts and 6% carried the cysts of the toxic dinoflagellates Alexandrium catenella and A. tamarense (up to an estimated 300 million cysts per ship). The introduction of new Australian quarantine measures is discussed; however, the implications of this potential spreading of toxic algae are global.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
RUIZ, G. M., CARLTON, J. T., GROSHOLZ, E. D., & HINES, A. H. (1997) · American Zoologist · doi:10.1093/icb/37.6.621 · Cited by 1,081
Algae Detection Using Computer Vision and Deep Learning
Samantaray, A., Yang, B., Dietz, J. E., & Min, B.-C. (2018) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1811.10847 · Cited by 21
Metadata
- Authors
- Hallegraeff, G. M., & Bolch, C. J.
- Venue
- Marine Pollution Bulletin
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1991-01
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 27-30
- ISSN
- 0025-326X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2067603240
- Cited by
- 290
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 17.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Transport of toxic dinoflagellate cysts via ships' ballast water. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/0025-326x(91)90441-t
- The paper
- Hallegraeff, G. M., & Bolch, C. J. (1991). Transport of toxic dinoflagellate cysts via ships' ballast water. Marine Pollution Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(91)90441-t
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
