Distress vocalization in rat pups a simple screening method for anxiolytic drugs
Abstract
A method is described for reproducible measurement of ultrasonic vocalization induced by tail-holding stress in rat pups. The anxiolytic benzodiazepines, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, and CL 218872, reduced the ultrasounds at doses inducing little CNS depressant activity. Gross behavioral disruption such as sedation (muscimol, prazosin, and chlorpromazine), tremors (yohimbine), myoclonus (MK 212), and immobility (morphine) resulted in reduction of ultrasounds. Non-behaviourally active doses of these compound or any doses tested of mephenesin, amphetamine, amitriptyline, haloperidol, and naloxone did not affect the ultrasounds. Metergoline inhibited ultrasounds at doses producing little change in overt behavior. This method is proposed as a convenient model of anxiety which may also be influenced by central 5-hydroxytryptamine transmission.
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When removed from their mothers, pups emit ultrasonic vocalizations in the frequency range associated with fear and anxiety-like responses, and such stress-induced vocalizations are reduced by anxiolytics.
“When removed from their mothers, pups emit ultrasonic vocalizations in the frequency range associated with fear and anxiety-like responses, and such stress-induced vocalizations are reduced by anxiolytics50.”
From Resolving the neural circuits of anxiety (2015) · cites this paper as [50]
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References 28 · Cited by 181
- Authors
- Gardner, C. R.
- Corresponding author
- Gardner, C.R.
- Venue
- Journal of Pharmacological Methods
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1985-11
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 181-187
- ISSN
- 0160-5402 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2010664210
- Cited by
- 181
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 1.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Pharmacological Methods (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- distress vocalizations, ultrasonic vocalizations, neonatal rats, anxiolytics, benzodiazepines, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, anxiety models, serotonin, disruptive behavior, screening method
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animals, Newborn, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Rats, Inbred Strains, Receptors, GABA-A, Receptors, Serotonin, Stress, Physiological, Anti-Anxiety Agents, Ultrasonics, Vocalization, Animal, Rats
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