The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Biases in frontier estimation due to heteroscedasticity
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In the citing paper
“For example, Caudill and Ford (1993) provide evidence on the bias of the estimated technological parameters, but not on the efficiency levels themselves or their relationship to the explanatory variables z.”
From One-Step and Two-Step Estimation of the Effects of Exogenous Variables on Technical Efficiency Levels (2002) · cites this paper as Caudill and Ford (1993)
In the citing paper
“It is widely agreed that the first step of the two-step procedure is biased if x and z are correlated.”
From One-Step and Two-Step Estimation of the Effects of Exogenous Variables on Technical Efficiency Levels (2002) · cites this paper as Caudill and Ford (1993)
In the citing paper
“It has long been recognized that such a two-step procedure will give biased results, because the model estimated at the first step is misspecified.”
From One-Step and Two-Step Estimation of the Effects of Exogenous Variables on Technical Efficiency Levels (2002) · cites this paper as Caudill and Ford (1993)
Citations
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Metadata
- Authors
- Caudill, S. B., & Ford, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Auburn University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Caudill, Steven B.
- ORCID
- Caudill, Steven B.
- Venue
- Economics Letters
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1993-01
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 17-20
- ISSN
- 0165-1765 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2005008687
- Cited by
- 256
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 1.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Economics Letters (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Efficiency Analysis Using DEA
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Statistical Methods and Models
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Spatial and Panel Data Analysis
- Keywords
- heteroscedasticity, efficient frontier, parameter bias, Monte Carlo simulation
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