Correlates of suicide and violence risk: III. A two-stage model of countervailing forces
Abstract
Questionnaires and self-report scales were administered to 100 psychiatric inpatients. The scales measured such variables as depression, hopelessness, impulsivity, mental and life problems, family violence, personality characteristics, and dyscontrol tendencies. These were correlated with indices of suicide risk and violence risk. Most variables were found to correlate significantly with both suicide and violence risk. Partial correlation analyses revealed that 10 variables correlated significantly with suicide risk but not violence risk, while four variables correlated significantly with violence risk but not suicide risk. A two-stage model of countervailing forces, incorporating concepts from both psychoanalysis and ethology, is presented as a way of interpreting the results.
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The interpersonal theory of suicide.
Van Orden, K. A., Witte, T. K., Cukrowicz, K. C., Braithwaite, S. R., Selby, E. A., & Joiner, T. E. (2010) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0018697 · Cited by 5,292 · see citing works
Hemming, L., Haddock, G., Shaw, J., & Pratt, D. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00203 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
The role of intense affective states in signaling a suicide crisis.
Hendin, H., Maltsberger, J. T., & Szanto, K. (2007) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e318052264d · Cited by 121 · see citing works
- Authors
- Plutchik, R., van Praag, H. M., & Conte, H. R.
- Affiliations
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Plutchik, Robert
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1989-05
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 215-225
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2059955208
- Cited by
- 173
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 5.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Keywords
- suicide risk, violence risk, countervailing forces, two-stage model, psychiatric inpatients, depression, hopelessness, impulsivity, domestic violence, personality traits, psychoanalysis, ethology
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Mental Disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Department, Hospital, Risk Factors, Schizophrenic Psychology, Suicide, Suicide, Attempted, Violence, Substance-Related Disorders
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