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863—Absorption and conversion of electric field energy by membrane bound ATPases
Open accessAbstract
Electric fields are ubiquitous in living organisms, yet, little is known of their effects on the function of enzymes and proteins. Recent experiments show that applied electric fields can induce active transport of K+, Rb+ and Ca2+ by transport-ATPases, as well as ATP synthesis by ATP-synthetases. In all cases, tightly sealed membrane vesicles have been essential. Here we present a kinetic model for the transduction of electric field energy based on three considerations: The equilibrium between any two conformational states of a protein is susceptible to perturbation by an electric field so long as there exists a difference between the molar electric moments. An integral membrane protein experiences an amplified electric field. The transmembrane potential is maintained only with non-leaky vesicles. This model consists of four steps to form a complete cycle (i.e. one enzyme turnover), namely, the conformational energy coupling (energy absorption), the substrate binding, the energy transduction (energy conversion), and the product release steps. The energy transduction step is mediated by reversal of the local field. Computer simulations show that this four state model converts electric field energy into chemical potential energy if the frequency and the strength of the applied field properly match the characteristics of the system. The model finds analogy in an electric rectifier, which conducts current only in certain directions. The results of simulation agree with the main features of the experimental data for voltage-stimulated active transport of Rb+via (Na,K)ATPase of erythrocytes. The concept is extended to the interpretation of data for the voltage-induced ATP synthesis by ATP-synthetases. In this case, F0 is treated as a voltage modulating subunit whose function is to effect a periodic attenuation of the local electric field. This modulation allows multiple enzyme turnover even when a d.c. field is imposed. For the in vivo ATP synthesis, the membrane potential (d.c. in nature) presumably is supplied by the electron transport reactions. Reduction of cytochromes reconstituted into the lipid bilayer is well known to generate transmembrane potentials. The model treats the energy coupling event as a field-induced conformational change, and reduces energy transduction to events pertinent to the study of molecular mechanisms of enzyme action. The equations derived are solidly based on fundamental thermodynamic principles.
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“Computer simulation of a four-state enzyme electro-conformationally coupled to an alternating electric field [81,82] reproduced the main features of the above results.”
From An Overview of Sub-Cellular Mechanisms Involved in the Action of TTFields (2016) · cites this paper as [81]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Tsong, T. Y., & Astumian, R. D.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- ORCID
- Astumian, R.D.
- Venue
- Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1986-06
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 457-476
- ISSN
- 0302-4598 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2093893790
- Cited by
- 201
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
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- FWCI
- 4.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › ATP Synthase and ATPases Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Keywords
- membrane ATPase, Na+/K+-ATPase, ATP synthase, potassium transport, rubidium transport, membrane potential, membrane vesicles, kinetic model, electric field reversal, F0 subunit, electron transport, enzyme mechanism
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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