Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 180

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Toward validation of pain measurement tools for children: a pilot study

Tyler, Donald C., Tu, Ahn, Douthit, Joanne, Chapman, Richard C.·1993·Pain

Abstract

We undertook to explore the validity of pain measurement tools for use in children in the postoperative period. The general approach was to determine the extent to which a measurement tool conformed with the clinical expectations about pain in the postoperative period; namely, that pain is low prior to surgery, increases following surgery, decreases with pain medication and decreases over time following surgery. In children aged 6 months to 3 years, we evaluated the CHEOPS and Observer pain scales. In children 3-6 years of age, we used the CHEOPS, Observer and Faces scale. In children 6-12 years of age, we studied the CHEOPS, Faces and visual analogue scales. In all instances, each of the scales conformed with the clinical expectations about pain following surgery. In addition, these scales were correlated with each other. Within the limitations of the measurement techniques used, these data provide support for the validity of the measurement tools evaluated.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/0304-3959(93)90163-j

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 1 references

Metadata

Authors
Tyler, D. C., Tu, A., Douthit, J., & Chapman, R. C.
Venue
Pain
Published
1993-03
Volume
52
Issue
3
Pages
301-309
ISSN
0304-3959 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1986511779
Cited by
180
References
1
FWCI
5.25
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Toward validation of pain measurement tools for children: a pilot study. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/0304-3959(93)90163-j
The paper
Tyler, D. C., Tu, A., Douthit, J., & Chapman, R. C. (1993). Toward validation of pain measurement tools for children: a pilot study. Pain. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(93)90163-j

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.