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Investigation of mechanisms linking depressed mood to nicotine dependence
Open accessAbstract
The present study examined the cognitive-behavioral linkages between depressed mood and level of nicotine dependence in smokers seeking smoking cessation treatment. Prior to treatment, 202 subjects completed validated self-report measures of smoking history, depressive symptomatology, "self medication" processes, "learned helplessness" processes, and nicotine dependence. Results revealed that 48% of the study population scored in the "depressed" range on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies (CESD) depression scale. Further, these smokers reported significantly higher levels of nicotine dependence than other nondepressed smokers. Depressed and nondepressed smokers did not differ with respect to several cognitions related to learned helplessness theory. However, depressed smokers were more likely to report "self medication" processes (i.e., negative affect reduction smoking and stimulation smoking). In addition, multivariable regression and path analyses suggested that negative affect reduction smoking and stimulation smoking are sequential mediators of the depression-nicotine dependence relationship. These results underscore the need to screen for depressive symptomatology among smokers seeking treatment, and to develop cessation treatments that are tailored to the needs of depressed smokers.
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“This pattern of behaviour occurs in smokers with and without diagnosed mental disorders.”
From Change in mental health after smoking cessation: systematic review and meta-analysis (2014) · cites this paper as [9]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Both quantitative and qualitative analyses indicate that regular smokers report smoking cigarettes to alleviate emotional problems and feelings of depression and anxiety, to stabilise mood, and for relaxation as well as relieving stress.”
From Change in mental health after smoking cessation: systematic review and meta-analysis (2014) · cites this paper as [9]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Depression symptoms are common among smokers and motivate smoking to reduce negative affect (44).”
From Varenicline improves mood and cognition during smoking abstinence (2009) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“The association between late chronotype and current smoking could be at least partially explained by evidence showing that several affective and emotional traits are common to both smokers and late chronotypes.”
From Smoking, screen-based sedentary behavior, and diet associated with habitual sleep duration and chronotype: data from the UK Biobank (2016) · cites this paper as [60]
In the citing paper
“a majority of smokers enrolled in smoking cessation programs have a history of depressive episodes (Dalack, Glassman, Rivelli, Covey, & Stetner, 1995; Glassman et al., 1988; Lerman et al., 1996)”
From Nicotine addiction and psychiatric disorders (2015) · cites this paper as Lerman et al., 1996
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lerman, C., Audrain, J., Orleans, C. T., Boyd, R., Gold, K., Main, D., & Caporaso, N.
- Affiliations
- Georgetown University Medical Center (US)
- Fox Chase Cancer Center (US)
- National Cancer Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lerman, Caryn
- ORCID
- Caporaso, Neil
- Venue
- Addictive Behaviors
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-01
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 9-19
- ISSN
- 0306-4603 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1982134209
- Cited by
- 209
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 4.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Addictive Behaviors (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA63562, R01CA063562)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- depressive mood, nicotine dependence, smoking cessation, self-medication, learned helplessness, depressive symptoms, mediators
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Behavior Therapy, Depressive Disorder, Female, Helplessness, Learned, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Tobacco Use Disorder, Smoking Cessation
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