Cited by 886Mass Spectrometry Techniques and ApplicationsMetabolomics and Mass Spectrometry StudiesSpectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses

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Optimization and testing of mass spectral library search algorithms for compound identification

Stein, Stephen E., Scott, Donald R.·1994·Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry

DOI 10.1016/1044-0305(94)87009-8

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Abstract

Five algorithms proposed in the literature for library search identification of unknown compounds from their low resolution mass spectra were optimized and tested by matching test spectra against reference spectra in the NIST-EPA-NIH Mass Spectral Database. The algorithms were probability-based matching (PBM), dot-product, Hertz et al. similarity index, Euclidean distance, and absolute value distance. The test set consisted of 12,592 alternate spectra of about 8000 compounds represented in the database. Most algorithms were optimized by varying their mass weighting and intensity scaling factors. Rank in the list of candidatc compounds was used as the criterion for accuracy. The best performing algorithm (75% accuracy for rank 1) was the dot-product function that measures the cosine of the angle between spectra represented as vectors. Other methods in order of performance were the Euclidean distance (72%), absolute value distance (68%) PBM (65%), and Hertz et al. (64%). Intensity scaling and mass weighting were important in the optimized algorithms with the square root of the intensity scale nearly optimal and the square or cube the best mass weighting power. Several more complex schemes also were tested, but had little effect on the results. A modest improvement in the performance of the dot-product algorithm was made by adding a term that gave additional weight to relative peak intensities for spectra with many peaks in common.

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Authors: Stein, S. E., & Scott, D. R.
Affiliations: Environmental Protection Agency (US)
National Institute of Standards and Technology (US)
ORCID: Stein, Stephen E.
Venue: Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published: 1994-09-01
Volume: 5
Issue: 9
Pages: 859-866
ISSN: 1044-0305 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/1044-0305(94)87009-8
OpenAlex: W2028421938
Cited by: 882
References: 15
Citations by year: 2026: 36 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 73 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 33
FWCI: 2.65
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Topics: Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
Keywords: mass spectral library search, compound identification, low resolution mass spectra, Euclidean distance, intensity scaling

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Optimization and testing of mass spectral library search algorithms for compound identification

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