Coffee intake and coronary heart disease
Open accessAbstract
We examined the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) associated with coffee intake in 1040 male medical students followed for 28 to 44 years. During the follow-up, CHD developed in 111 men. The relative risks (95% confidence interval) associated with drinking 5 cups of coffee/d were 2.94 (1.27, 6.81) for baseline, 5.52 (1.31, 23.18) for average, and 1.95 (0.86, 4.40) for most recent intake after adjustment for baseline age, serum cholesterol levels, calendar time, and the time-dependent covariates number of cigarettes, body mass index, and incident hypertension and diabetes. Risks were elevated in both smokers and nonsmokers and were stronger for myocardial infarction. Most of the excess risk was associated with coffee drinking prior to 1975. The diagnosis of hypertension was associated with a subsequent reduction in coffee intake. Negative results in some studies may be due to the assessment of coffee intake later in life or to differences in methods of coffee preparation between study populations or over calendar time.
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References 53 · Cited by 47
- Authors
- Klag, M. J., Mead, L. A., Lacroix, A. Z., Wang, N.-Y., Coresh, J., Liang, K.-Y., Pearson, T. A., & Levine, D. M.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Group Health Cooperative (US)
- Bassett Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Klag, Michael J.
- Venue
- Annals of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1994-11
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 425-433
- ISSN
- 1047-2797 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1978893921
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.escholarship.org
- Locations
- Annals of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01hl042734-05)
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG001760, AG-01760)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL42734)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR 00035)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Keywords
- coffee consumption, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, male medical students, long-term follow-up, smoking, hypertension, serum cholesterol, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, coffee preparation methods, calendar time
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, Coffee, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Follow-Up Studies, Heart Diseases, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Smoking, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic, Incidence, Proportional Hazards Models, Survival Analysis
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