Nonproduction Benefits of Education
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
There are positive externalities to education.
“Economic theory predicts, and quantitative evidence shows, that there are positive externalities to education.”
From College Costs, Financial Aid, and Student Decisions (2022) · cites this paper as Lochner, 2011
A college education generates benefits to society above and beyond those captured by students themselves.
“That is, a college education generates benefits to society above and beyond those captured by students themselves.”
From College Costs, Financial Aid, and Student Decisions (2022) · cites this paper as Lochner, 2011
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 264 · Cited by 119
- Authors
- Lance, L.
- Venue
- Handbook of the Economics of Education
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 2011
- Pages
- 183-282
- ISSN
- 1574-0692 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2273137892
- Cited by
- 119
- References
- 264
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 12.53
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Handbook of the economics of education (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic Growth and Productivity
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Labor market dynamics and wage inequality
- Social Sciences › Education › School Choice and Performance
- Keywords
- crime reduction, health outcomes, political participation, voting behavior, democratic participation, returns to education
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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