The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The relationship of malingering test failure to self-reported symptoms and neuropsychological findings in adults referred for ADHD evaluation
Abstract
Diagnosis of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) adults is difficult, as neither symptom report nor neuropsychological findings are specific to ADHD. Few studies address the possibility that noncredible performance influences both symptom report and neuropsychological findings. The present study utilized archival data from young adults referred for concerns about ADHD, divided into three groups: (1) those who failed a measure of noncredible performance (the Word Memory Test; WMT), (2) those who met diagnostic criteria for ADHD, and (3) controls with psychological symptoms but no ADHD. Results showed a 31% failure rate on the WMT. Those who failed the WMT showed clinical levels of self-reported ADHD symptoms and impaired neuropsychological performance. Neither self-report measures nor neuropsychological tests could distinguish ADHD from psychological controls, with the exception of self-reported current hyperactive/impulsive symptoms and Stroop interference. Results underscore the effect of noncredible performance on both self-report and cognitive measures in ADHD.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The possibility of malingering has been raised(48,49), but this can be discarded as Dunedin Study members lack any motive to fabricate their reports to us.”
From Is adult ADHD a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder? Evidence from a four-decade longitudinal cohort study (2015) · cites this paper as [49]
Citations
Cites
(2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/springerreference_179754 · Cited by 2,095
Stroop Color and Word Test: Manual for Clinical and Experimental Uses.
Golden, C. J., Golden, C. J., & Golden, C. (1978) · NSUWorks (Nova Southeastern University) · Cited by 1,814
(1993) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.150.6.885 · Cited by 1,421
Wechsler Individual Achievement Test
Smith, D. R. (2001) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012058570-0/50008-2 · Cited by 1,417
Frazier, T. W., Demaree, H. A., & Youngstrom, E. A. (2004) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.18.3.543 · Cited by 792
Neuropsychology of Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analytic Review.
Hervey, A. S., Epstein, J. N., & Curry, J. F. (2004) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.18.3.485 · Cited by 781
Executive functioning in adult ADHD: a meta-analytic review
MARIJE BOONSTRA, A., OOSTERLAAN, J., SERGEANT, J. A., & BUITELAAR, J. K. (2005) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329170500499x · Cited by 560
Nigg, J. T. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.011 · Cited by 513
Effort has a greater effect on test scores than severe brain injury in compensation claimants
Green, P., Rohling, M. L., Lees‐Haley, P. R., & Allen, L. M. (2001) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699050110088254 · Cited by 460
Assessment of feigned cognitive impairment: A neuropsychological perspective.
Boone, K. B. (2007) · Cited by 439
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Moffitt, T. E., Houts, R., Asherson, P., Belsky, D. W., Corcoran, D. L., Hammerle, M., Harrington, H., Hogan, S., Meier, M. H., Polanczyk, G. V., et al. (2015) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.14101266 · Cited by 618
Sherman, E. M. S., Slick, D. J., & Iverson, G. L. (2020) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acaa019 · Cited by 405
“Good Old Days” Bias Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Iverson, G. L., Lange, R. T., Brooks, B. L., & Rennison, V. L. A. (2009) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854040903190797 · Cited by 264
The Potential for Misuse and Abuse of Medications in ADHD: A Review
Clemow, D. B., & Walker, D. J. (2014) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.3810/pgm.2014.09.2801 · Cited by 198
Denning, J. H. (2012) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acs044 · Cited by 190
Metadata
- Authors
- SUHR, J., HAMMERS, D., DOBBINSBUCKLAND, K., ZIMAK, E., & HUGHES, C.
- Affiliations
- Ohio University (US)
- Corresponding author
- SUHR, J
- Venue
- Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2008-09
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 521-530
- ISSN
- 0887-6177 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1972828223
- Semantic Scholar
- a1b7d4d78bb915d2ac7f51c6028d19fb32fc840e
- Cited by
- 167
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 5.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Deception detection and forensic psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Keywords
- adult ADHD, malingering, Word Memory Test, self-reported symptoms, neuropsychological performance, Stroop interference, hyperactive-impulsive symptoms, differential diagnosis, young adults
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Female, Humans, Intelligence, Male, Malingering, Memory, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychometrics, Retrospective Studies, Self-Assessment, Verbal Learning, Multivariate Analysis, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
