Explaining associations between cannabis use disorders in adolescence and later major depression: A test of the psychosocial failure model
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Aims Cannabis use disorders (CUDs) in adolescence are associated with increased risk for later major depressive disorder (MDD). The goal of this study was to examine the "psychosocial failure" explanation for this association: the possibility that psychosocial consequences of CUDs in adolescence account for the increased risk for later MDD. Methods Participants (n=1252) were drawn from the community-based sample of the Minnesota Twin Family Study and were assessed at ages 17, 20, and 24. CUDs and MDD were assessed via structured interview. "Psychosocial failure" was defined as educational failure (high school dropout), occupational failure (persistent unemployment), or engagement in crime. Results Psychosocial failure partially mediated the association between CUDs in adolescence and later MDD. Conclusions The adverse psychosocial consequences of CUDs in adolescence partially - but not fully - account for the observed association between early CUDs and later MDD.
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The cohort with the highest OR for depression was entirely reanalyzed using both classical multivariable regression and propensity score adjusted regression methods.
“The cohort with the highest OR for depression 46 was entirely reanalyzed using both the classical methods for factors adjustment (multivariate regression analysis) and using the propensity score adjusted regression meth-ods to better estimate the differences in the distribution of the confounding variables 67 using SAS, version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc).”
From Association of Cannabis Use in Adolescence and Risk of Depression, Anxiety, and Suicidality in Young Adulthood (2019) · cites this paper as [46]
The Results report an odds ratio of 2.95 for later major depression in the Minnesota twin cohort, supporting its identification as a cohort with a depression OR. Our copy does not establish that this was the highest OR among cohorts. The reanalysis using multivariable and propensity-score-adjusted regression is described in the citing sentence as the citing authors’ own work, not as a method used by this source. (LLM, conf=0.77)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredNot all studies included in the meta-analysis have adjusted for other drugs of abuse and cigarettes, or psychosocial factors (ie, school abandonment, drug abuse in peers) that may be linked to depression and early cannabis consumption.
“Moreover, not all studies have adjusted for other drugs of abuse and cigarettes, or psychosocial factors (ie, school abandonment, drug abuse in peers) that may be linked to depression and early cannabis consumption.46,49”
From Association of Cannabis Use in Adolescence and Risk of Depression, Anxiety, and Suicidality in Young Adulthood (2019) · cites this paper as [46]
The Discussion reports that educational failure partially mediates the association between adolescent cannabis use disorders and later depression, and the Results describe this study’s adjustment for alcohol use disorders and nicotine dependence. The paper does not say that some studies in the meta-analysis omitted those adjustments, or address drug use among peers; its psychosocial analysis concerns consequences of cannabis use rather than all the proposed confounders. The cited passages provide no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.78)
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Prevalence and correlates of major depression in Granada, Spain: Results from the GranadΣp study
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- Authors
- Marmorstein, N. R., & Iacono, W. G.
- Affiliations
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Marmorstein, Naomi R.
- Venue
- Addictive Behaviors
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-07
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 773-776
- ISSN
- 0306-4603 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3081975
- OpenAlex
- W1998651391
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Addictive Behaviors (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA009367, R37AA009367, AA-09367)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R03DA016892, DA-022456, DA-01-6892, DA-05147, R01DA005147, R37DA005147, K01DA022456)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- cannabis use disorder, adolescence, major depressive disorder, high school dropout, unemployment, crime, mediation, mental health risk, Minnesota Twin Family Study
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Marijuana Abuse, Crime, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Minnesota, Models, Psychological, Risk Factors, Unemployment, Young Adult
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