The DOI matches its Crossref record; 138 of the 140 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Conversational artificial intelligence in the AEC industry: A review of present status, challenges and opportunities
Open accessAbstract
The idea of developing a system that can converse and understand human languages has been around since the 1200 s. With the advancement in artificial intelligence (AI), Conversational AI came of age in 2010 with the launch of Apple’s Siri. Conversational AI systems leveraged Natural Language Processing (NLP) to understand and converse with humans via speech and text. These systems have been deployed in sectors such as aviation, tourism, and healthcare. However, the application of Conversational AI in the architecture engineering and construction (AEC) industry is lagging, and little is known about the state of research on Conversational AI. Thus, this study presents a systematic review of Conversational AI in the AEC industry to provide insights into the current development and conducted a Focus Group Discussion to highlight challenges and validate areas of opportunities. The findings reveal that Conversational AI applications hold immense benefits for the AEC industry, but it is currently underexplored. The major challenges for the under exploration were highlighted and discusses for intervention. Lastly, opportunities and future research directions of Conversational AI are projected and validated which would improve the productivity and efficiency of the industry. This study presents the status quo of a fast-emerging research area and serves as the first attempt in the AEC field. Its findings would provide insights into the new field which be of benefit to researchers and stakeholders in the AEC industry.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“All these additional cost overheads may be a prohibiting factor for smaller construction companies with limited financial resources (Saka et al. 2023b ).”
From A review of LLMs and their applications in the architecture, engineering and construction industry (2025) · cites this paper as Saka et al. 2023b
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823
Interrater reliability: The kappa statistic
McHugh, M. L. (2012) · Biochemia Medica · doi:10.11613/bm.2012.031 · Cited by 19,877
Photo-Realistic Single Image Super-Resolution Using a Generative Adversarial Network
Ledig, C., Theis, L., Huszar, F., Caballero, J., Cunningham, A., Acosta, A., Aitken, A., Tejani, A., Totz, J., Wang, Z., et al. (2017) · 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2017.19 · Cited by 12,696
Computing Machinery and Intelligence (1950)
Turing, A. M. (2004) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198250791.003.0017 · Cited by 6,120
The Ethics of AI Ethics: An Evaluation of Guidelines
Hagendorff, T. (2020) · Minds and Machines · doi:10.1007/s11023-020-09517-8 · Cited by 1,911
The Ethics of AI Ethics -- An Evaluation of Guidelines
Hagendorff, T. (2019) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1903.03425 · Cited by 1,907
Towards a semantic Construction Digital Twin: Directions for future research
Boje, C., Guerriero, A., Kubicki, S., & Rezgui, Y. (2020) · Automation in Construction · doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103179 · Cited by 1,477
Pan, Y., & Zhang, L. (2021) · Automation in Construction · doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103517 · Cited by 1,336
National Institute of Standards and Technology
(1990) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac00210a736 · Cited by 1,314
Abioye, S. O., Oyedele, L. O., Akanbi, L., Ajayi, A., Davila Delgado, J. M., Bilal, M., Akinade, O. O., & Ahmed, A. (2021) · Journal of Building Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103299 · Cited by 1,015
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Olawumi, 2021, Scientometric review and analysis: A case example of smart buildings and smart cities, 147
- Wang, N., R.R. Issa, and C.J. Anumba, A Framework for Intelligent Building Information Spoken Dialogue System (iBISDS), in EG-ICE 2021 Workshop on Intelligent Computing in Engineering. 2021.
- Sheldon, A., T. Dobbs, A. Fabbri, N. Gardner, M.H. Haeusler, C. Ramos, and Y. Zavoleas, Putting the AR In (AR)chitecture, in International Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA). 2019, Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA), Hong Kong. p. 475-484. · DOI
- Zhoui, H., M.O. Wong, H. Ying, and S.H. Lee, A Framework of a Multi-User Voice-Driven BIM-Based Navigation System for Fire Emergency Response, in 26th International Workshop on Intelligent Computing in Engineering (EG-ICE 2019). 2019.
- Lin, J.-R., Z. Hu, and J. Zhang, BIM oriented intelligent data mining and representation, in 30th CIB W78 International Conference. 2013.
- Davila Delgado, 2019, Robotics and automated systems in construction: Understanding industry-specific challenges for adoption. Journal of Building, Engineering, 26
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–162 of 162
Hidayat, M. L., Ahmad, I., Assidiqi, M. H., Khanzada, T. J. S., & Meccawy, M. (2025) · International Conference on Innovation in Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things (AIIT) · doi:10.1109/aiit63112.2025.11082869 · Cited by 1
Contextualized Semantic and Structural Feature Fusion for Conversational Response Ranking
Zhang, C., Yu, Y., Ma, H., & Sun, J. (2025) · International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things and Cloud Computing Technology (AIoTC) · doi:10.1109/aiotc66747.2025.11198636 · Cited by 1
Zabala-Vargas, S. A., & Jaimes-Quintanilla, M. (2025) · European Public & Social Innovation Review · doi:10.31637/epsir-2025-1621 · Cited by 1
Wang, Z., Wan, T., Veniaminovna, K. O., & Huang, J. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-25251-6 · Cited by 1
Jung, Y., & Golparvar‐Fard, M. (2025) · ASCE International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering (i3CE) · doi:10.1061/9780784486115.094 · Cited by 1
The impact of artificial intelligence on the quantity surveying profession in Sarawak, Malaysia
Toh, S. C. L., Wong, S. Y., & Ding, C. S. (2025) · Journal of Engineering Design and Technology · doi:10.1108/jedt-06-2025-0272 · Cited by 5
Wearable sensing technologies in construction safety and health: An umbrella review
Huang, Y., Wu, K., Wang, B., Hu, Q., Duan, S., Chu, H., Wang, D., & Sun, B. (2026) · Lifeline Emergency and Safety · doi:10.26599/lles.2025.9660016 · Cited by 1
AI-enhanced conversational design processes: A systematic review
Cheung, L. H., Agkathidis, A., Dall’Asta, J. C., & Marco, G. D. (2026) · International Journal of Architectural Computing · doi:10.1177/14780771261425268 · Cited by 1
Unravelling the Blockades in Implementing Large Language Models in Construction Sector
Singh, A., Patil, A., & Pandey, S. (2026) · International journal of mathematical, engineering and management sciences · doi:10.33889/ijmems.2026.11.2.041 · Cited by 1
Jafary, P., Shojaei, D., Rajabifard, A., & Ngo, T. D. (2026) · Geo-spatial Information Science · doi:10.1080/10095020.2026.2651578 · Cited by 1
Hameed, D., Ahmed, K., Hassan, M. U., & Khan, K. I. A. (2026) · International Journal of Construction Management · doi:10.1080/15623599.2026.2643738 · Cited by 1
Raza, A., Talpur, Q., Haider, A., Murtaza, G., & Ishaq, M. I. (2026) · International Studies of Management and Organization · doi:10.1080/00208825.2026.2662468 · Cited by 1
Búš, P., & Dong, Z. (2024) · Architectural Intelligence · doi:10.1007/s44223-024-00055-2 · Cited by 1
Bridging Bim with Ai: A Gpt-Powered Assistant for Real-Time Modeling ActionsPreprint
de Oliveira, D. F., Nikkel, M., & Güven, G. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4791534 · Cited by 1
Generative AI for Project-Based Assessment in Energy and Sustainability EducationPreprint
Zakeri, B. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7402766/v1 · Cited by 2
Pambudi, R. U., Shiddiqi, A. M., Ijtihadie, R. M., Amoriza, M. N. A. R., Tee, H., Madany, F. A., Akbar, R. J., & Navastara, D. A. (2026) · SoftwareX · doi:10.1016/j.softx.2026.102537 · Cited by 1
Silva, D. F. M., & Barrientos, A. H. (2023) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.110847
Industrial 4.0 Adaptation and Challenges in Pattern Recognition, Computer Vision, and IoT
Buttar, A. M., & Arshad, N. (2023) · Advances in systems analysis, software engineering, and high performance computing book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-8602-3.ch007
Blended Learning Através da Realidade Aumentada na Engenharia Civil
Piffer, S., Tavares, M. D. G., Soares, A., Azevedo, C. S., Berto, L. K., & Carniel, F. (2023) · Apresentações Trabalhos Científicos · doi:10.17143/ciaed.xxviiiciaed.2023.230362
Conversational Systems and Computational Intelligence, A Critical Analysis
Mir, Y. O. V., Pérez, P. Y. P., Pupo, I. P., Acuña, L. A., & Bello, R. (2024) · Studies in computational intelligence · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-50495-2_1
Tshihwela, M., & Mulongo, N. Y. (2023) · International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering (ISKE) · doi:10.1109/iske60036.2023.10481271
A Deep Learning Approach for Face Detection and Recognition to Initiate Human-Robot Conversation
Ismail, A. H., Ghaili, M. K. A. A., Yusof, M. A. H. M., Mastoi, S. A., Rosle, M. H., Ilias, B., & Azmi, M. S. M. (2024) · Applied Mathematics and Computational Intelligence (AMCI) · doi:10.58915/amci.v13i2.609
Klüver, C., Sonnen, R., Schmidt, F., & Kersting, S. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-43319-2_16
Shaya, M. F. S., & Ahmad, J. (2024) · Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review · doi:10.47172/2965-730x.sdgsreview.v5.n01.pe03364
Mandičák, T., & Spišáková, M. (2024) · International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM ... · doi:10.5593/sgem2024v/6.2/s25.18
ALDRAW: Algorithmic engineering representations
Pandey, A., & Gaur, V. (2025) · Advanced Engineering Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.aei.2025.103362
Kurcjusz, M., Stefańska, A., & Vaverková, M. D. (2025) · Lecture notes in civil engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-2710-3_6
Evaluación del clima de seguridad en obras de construcción, entornos de observación preventiva
Pinos, A. J. C. D. L., García, M. D. L. N. G., Baptista, J. S., & Álvarez, M. F. (2024) · Anales de Edificación · doi:10.20868/ade.2024.5473
Chatbot for Developing the Cognitive Abilities of a Technological Process Operator
Varnavsky, A. N. (2025) · International Conference on Industrial Engineering, Applications and Manufacturing (ICIEAM) · doi:10.1109/icieam65163.2025.11028249
Cheng, Y.-J., Cao, M.-T., Wang, S.-H., Nguyen, N., Chen, S. Y., & Wang, W.-C. (2025) · Journal of Civil Engineering and Management · doi:10.3846/jcem.2025.23764
Implementation of Conversational Artificial Intelligence in a3-Dimensional Game onWaste Impact
Pradhana, F. R., Mufandi, I., Musthafa, A., Arifah, D. A., & Kahfi, K. M. A. (2025) · Matrik Jurnal Manajemen Teknik Informatika dan Rekayasa Komputer · doi:10.30812/matrik.v24i3.4755
Mapping the Impact of AI Agents on Business Performance: A Bibliometric Approach
BADIU, I., Anagnoste, S., & Savastano, M. (2025) · Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Business Excellence · doi:10.2478/picbe-2025-0267
Nishat, M. M., Aarvold, M. O., Hartvig, W. J., & Olsson, N. O. E. (2025) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-07986-2_2
Iatsiuta, V., & Kobets, V. M. (2025) · Science and innovation · doi:10.15407/scine21.05.126
Tariq, H., McNally, C., & O’Donnell, J. (2025) · Journal of Information Technology in Construction · doi:10.36680/j.itcon.2025.071
AI Thematic Areas and Use Cases for Construction Life Cycle Using Social Media
Boudjelkha, I., Biccari, C. D., Lazoi, M., & Mello, E. (2025) · IFIP advances in information and communication technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-09704-0_32
Wang, L., Yuan, J., Zhou, S., & König, M. (2025) · Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering · doi:10.1061/jccee5.cpeng-7016
Accessible Document Interaction
Fatikha, N. A., Fauzi, S. A., & Hasani, M. F. (2025) · International Conference on Information Technology and Digital Applications (ICITDA) · doi:10.1109/icitda68167.2025.11332532
Choi, S.-M., & Cha, H. S. (2026) · Construction Innovation · doi:10.1108/ci-06-2025-0279
(2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-44-327410-7.00040-5
Artificial intelligence in 6G ecosystem
Gonzalez, H. A., Acevedo, J., Nazeer, K. K., Fournier, C., Aslam, A. R., Huang, J., Lohrmann, M. A., Tietze, R. A., Eichhorn, C., Gumhold, S., et al. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-44-327410-7.00024-7
Mapping the Research Landscape of AI Chatbot Adoption in Tourism and Hospitality
Thu, H. L. T., Cong, M. N., Tuan, N. H., Le, L. T. K., & Thanh, D. D. (2026) · International Journal of Knowledge and Systems Science · doi:10.4018/ijkss.402722 · Cited by 1
samir, A., Sulaiman, M., Shreef, A., & Badawy, M. (2026) · International Journal of Construction Management · doi:10.1080/15623599.2026.2636005
Harnessing AI-driven chatbots in healthcare for disease prediction
Joshi, S., Nakshatram, S. S., Natraj, & Jha, S. (2026) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0317167
Singh, A., Dwivedi, A., Bishnoi, M. M., Ramakrishnan, S., Pamucar, D., & Patil, A. (2026) · Engineering Management in Production and Services · doi:10.2478/emj-2026-0004
Lincy, G. A., & Chellappa, V. (2026) · Journal of structural design and construction practice. · doi:10.1061/jsdccc.sceng-2070
Hoggenmüeller, M., Fredericks, J., Yu, X., Wong, A., Crosby, A. L., Huang, W., & Tomitsch, M. (2026) · Springer series in adaptive environments · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-16863-4_8
Wu, H., Yu, X., Liu, W., Liu, S., Oteng, D., & Bao, Z. (2026) · Case Studies in Construction Materials · doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2026.e06173
AI-assisted apprenticeship: Evaluating LLMs as real-time tutors for hands-on construction training
Alexi, E. V., Kenny, J. C., Ribeiro, M. H., & Mitterberger, D. (2026) · International Journal of Architectural Computing · doi:10.1177/14780771261454100
Optimizing Healthcare Facility Administration Through Scalable NoSQL-Based Big Data Architectures
Mishra, A., Jamshed, A., & Khatter, H. (2026) · International Conference on Innovations in Computational Intelligence (ICICI) · doi:10.1109/icici68867.2026.11564934
Waqar, A., Ali, A. S., & Hanid, M. (2026) · Engineering Construction & Architectural Management · doi:10.1108/ecam-01-2026-0112
Dialectical systems framework for LLM applications in intelligent construction and operation
Xu, X., & Li, Z. (2026) · Automation in Construction · doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2026.107186
Mansour, O. E., Fenno, C., & Jerdon, G. (2026) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--59836
AIStory: A Usability Study of a Storytelling-Based AI Literacy Module for Construction Students
Cheng, J.-Y., Gheisari, M., & Jeelani, I. (2026) · ASCE Construction Research Congress (CRC) · doi:10.1061/9780784486993.039
Applications and Challenges of Generative AI in AEC
Jayasinghe, R., Katooziani, A., Castelblanco, G., Gheisari, M., & Jeelani, I. (2026) · ASCE Construction Research Congress (CRC) · doi:10.1061/9780784486962.037
Cao, K., Chen, S., Chen, Y., Nie, B., & Li, Z. (2026) · Journal of Construction Engineering and Management · doi:10.1061/jcemd4.coeng-18113
Lee, B., Hwang, Y., & Yi, M. Y. (2026) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2026.2712655
Zhang, G., Zhang, H., & Luo, Q. (2026) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings16193968
Artificial Intelligence in Construction Delay Analysis and Management: A Review
Ismail, S. N., Ramli, N. I., Razi, P. Z., Jaya, R. P., & Yusrizal, U. N. N. (2026) · The Open Construction and Building Technology Journal · doi:10.2174/0118748368514653261006200640
Blockchain in Green Buildings: Research Trends, Enablers, Challenges, and Future Opportunities
Manzoor, B., Zayed, T., Haroglu, H., Antwi‐Afari, M. F., Edwards, D. J., & Bortey, L. (2026) · Journal of Engineering Research · doi:10.1016/j.jer.2026.10.042
AI-Driven Project Management: Mapping progress, Research Gaps, and Future Directions
Sawda, C. E., Elmazi, G., Semaan, N. M., Nini, R., & Youssef, L. (2026) · Array · doi:10.1016/j.array.2026.101405
Metadata
- Authors
- Saka, A. B., Oyedele, L. O., Akanbi, L. A., Ganiyu, S. A., Chan, D. W. M., & Bello, S. A.
- Affiliations
- Leeds Beckett University (GB)
- University of the West of England (GB)
- Teesside University (GB)
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HK)
- Corresponding author
- Oyedele, Lukumon O.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Advanced Engineering Informatics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-01
- Volume
- 55
- Pages
- 101869
- ISSN
- 1474-0346 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4313457971
- Cited by
- 161
- References
- 140
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 22
- FWCI
- 19.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Advanced Engineering Informatics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Leeds Beckett Repository (Leeds Beckett University) (submittedVersion)
- Teesside University Research Portal (Teesside University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- UWE Research Repository (UWE Bristol) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- WestminsterResearch (University of Westminster) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/S031480/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › BIM and Construction Integration
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Artificial Intelligence Applications
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › AI in Service Interactions
- Keywords
- conversational AI, architecture, engineering and construction, natural language processing, speech recognition, chatbots, construction productivity, implementation barriers, future research directions
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review