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Managing soil carbon for climate change mitigation and adaptation in Mediterranean cropping systems: A meta-analysis
Abstract
Mediterranean croplands are seasonally dry agroecosystems with low soil organic carbon (SOC) content and high risk of land degradation and desertification. The increase in SOC is of special interest in these systems, as it can help to build resilience for climate change adaptation while contributing to mitigate global warming through the sequestration of atmospheric carbon (C). We compared SOC change and C sequestration under a number of recommended management practices (RMPs) with neighboring conventional plots under Mediterranean climate (174 data sets from 79 references). The highest response in C sequestration was achieved by those practices applying largest amounts of C inputs (land treatment and organic amendments). Conservation tillage practices (no-tillage and reduced tillage) induced lower effect sizes but significantly promoted C sequestration, whereas no effect and negative net sequestration rates were observed for slurry applications and unfertilized treatments, respectively. Practices combining external organic amendments with cover crops or conservation tillage (combined management practices and organic management) showed very good performance in C sequestration. We studied separately the changes in SOC under organic management, with 80 data sets from 30 references. The results also suggest that the degree of intensification in C input rate is the main driver behind the relative C accumulation in organic treatments. Thus, highest net C sequestration rates were observed in most eco-intensive groups, such as “irrigated”, “horticulture” and controlled experiments (“plot scale”).
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“The available data are not only largely heterogeneous; in the light of our results, it becomes clear that more key information such as soil depth and management, which unfortunately are not always reported in studies (Aguilera et al., 2013).”
From Changes in soil organic carbon under perennial crops (2020) · cites this paper as Aguilera et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“Large variability among studies dealing with perennials has also been observed in previous studies (Aguilera et al., 2013;Vicente-Vicente et al., 2016).”
From Changes in soil organic carbon under perennial crops (2020) · cites this paper as Aguilera et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“However, the soil of some woody cropping systems is kept permanently bare, and if this is the case, it reduces SOC even in no-till treatments (Aguilera et al., 2013).”
From Changes in soil organic carbon under perennial crops (2020) · cites this paper as Aguilera et al., 2013
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Soil organic carbon changes under selected agroforestry cocoa systems in Ghana
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“6) The organic matter management practices that lead to carbon sequestration can also reduce N2O emissions in some regions of the world such as Mediterranean (Aguilera et al., 2013a), as well as contributing to the reduction of synthetic fertilizer use and its associated emissions.”
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“Newer techniques to reduce SOC losses include conservation tillage, cover cropping, organic inputs, precision nutrient management and carbon sequestration strategies (Aguilera et al., 2013).”
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“However, it must be noted that increasing soil organic C sequestration could be lower when slurries are applied comparing to solid manures (Aguilera et al 2013).”
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“Internal organic inputs and less soil Moreover, some research has shown that irrigation a ff ects the size index, fruit weight, and production per tree of chestnut trees. increased soil organic carbon (SOC) [92,93].”
Cover Crop Root Channels Promote Bacterial Adaptation to Drought in the Maize Rhizosphere
Ghosh, D., Shi, Y., Zimmermann, I., Holzhauser, K., von Bergen�, M., Kaster, A., Spielvogel, S., Dippold, M. A., Müller, J. A., & Jehmlich, N. (2025) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.70512 · Cited by 12
Perlin, A. P., Gomes, C. M., Motke, F. D., Kruglianskas, I., & Zaluski, F. C. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su141811506 · Cited by 12
Manure increases soil organic carbon most when allocated to annual cropping
Joona, J., Liski, E., & Kahiluoto, H. (2024) · CATENA · doi:10.1016/j.catena.2024.107844 · Cited by 18
Sousa, A. A. R., Parra-López, C., Sayadi, S., Barandica, J. M., & Rescia, A. J. (2020) · Land · doi:10.3390/land9100366 · Cited by 12
Novara, A., Sampino, S., Paternò, F., & Keesstra, S. D. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14042367 · Cited by 12
Agricultural management impacts on soil organic carbon storage
Ghosh, S., Das, A., Mukherjee, S., Dash, B., Sahu, B., Choudhury, S. R., & Mandal, B. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95911-7.00009-8 · Cited by 14
Ankrah, D. A., Okyere, C. Y., Mensah, J., & Okata, E. O. (2023) · Cogent Food & Agriculture · doi:10.1080/23311932.2023.2247166 · Cited by 17
“Tillage methods Adopt = 1, otherwise = 0 + Aguilera et al. (2013), Liu et al. (2020), Powlson et al. (2014)”
InfluentialLag-Brotons, A. J., Lucas, I. G., & Navarro-Pedreño, J. (2015) · Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research · doi:10.5424/sjar/2015131-6145 · Cited by 12
Liao, Y., Wu, W., Meng, F., & Li, H. (2016) · Journal of Integrative Agriculture · doi:10.1016/s2095-3119(15)61269-2 · Cited by 12
Zhou, Y., Zhu, H., & Yao, Q. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-49724-2_8 · Cited by 13
Hasler, K. (2017) · doi:10.18174/422865 · Cited by 12
Álvaro‐Fuentes, J., Franco‐Luesma, S., Lafuente, V., Sen, P., Usón, A., Cantero‐Martínez, C., & Arrúe, J. L. (2021) · Soil and Tillage Research · doi:10.1016/j.still.2021.105143 · Cited by 10
“Crop stover management is also an effective management practice to increase SOC levels (Aguilera et al., 2013; Stewart et al., 2018).”
BackgroundResultLiang, S., Sun, N., Wang, S., Colinet, G., Longdoz, B., Meersmans, J., Wu, L., & Xu, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2023.1173509 · Cited by 12
“Recent studies have highlighted that regardless of the application rate, the effects of different types of fertilizers (either mineral or organic types) on SOC sequestration are remarkably different (Aguilera et al., 2013; Li et al., 2020).”
Backgroundda Silva, L. J., Oliveira, D. M. D. S., Santos, R. S., Oliveira, P. A., de Freitas, D. A. F., Cherubin, M. R., & Cerri, C. E. P. (2024) · Geoderma Regional · doi:10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00761 · Cited by 13
LeBlanc, N., & Harrigian, F. C. (2024) · Microbial Ecology · doi:10.1007/s00248-024-02361-8 · Cited by 11
“Studies have also highlighted the positive effects of compost on soil organic matter and physical characteristics of soil that reduce erosion and improve water infiltration [9, 11, 12].”
BackgroundRamos-García, M., Guzmán, G. I., & de Molina, M. G. (2022) · Agronomy for Sustainable Development · doi:10.1007/s13593-022-00842-z · Cited by 11
Aranda-Barranco, S., Serrano-Ortíz, P., Kowalski, A. S., & Sánchez‐Cañete, E. P. (2022) · Agricultural and Forest Meteorology · doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.109266 · Cited by 11
Wilczewski, E., Jug, I., Lipiec, J., Gałęzewski, L., Đurđević, B., Kocira, A., Brozović, B., Markovıć, M., & Jug, D. (2023) · International Agrophysics · doi:10.31545/intagr/171478 · Cited by 11
“The SOM content is of particular importance in the semi-arid Mediterranean regions that are predominantly not conducive to the build-up of soil organic C and are vulnerable to its loss (Aguilera et al ., 2013, Musto et al ., 2023).”
Volpi, I., Laville, P., Bonari, E., Nasso, N. N. O. D., & Bosco, S. (2018) · Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems · doi:10.1007/s10705-018-9922-x · Cited by 11
“Values reported by Aguilera et al. (2013) for winter cereals in the Mediterranean environment, equal to 300 g N2O-N ha -1, are comparable with the cumulative N2O emissions measured in the second year, when conditions were dry during the crop growing season.”
BackgroundFrancisco, C. A. L., Loss, A., Brunetto, G., Gonzatto, R., Giacomini, S. J., Aita, C., Píccolo, M. D. C., Marchezan, C., Scopel, G., & Vidal, R. F. (2021) · Carbon Management · doi:10.1080/17583004.2021.1920822 · Cited by 11
“poor in (15)N (negative values of (15)N) [65].”
BackgroundInfluence of different management practices on carbon sequestration of agricultural soils – a review
Singh, P., Nazir, G., & Dheri, G. S. (2022) · Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science · doi:10.1080/03650340.2022.2158326 · Cited by 11
“A meta-analysis that covers cropping treatments improved the average soil organic C by 10% above conventional management approaches and had a carbon sequestration rate of 0.27 Mg C ha 1yr 1 (Aguilera et al. 2013).”
MethodInfluentialQuadrat misuse: Confessions of a cover crop researcher's biomass sampling journey
Brennan, E. B. (2023) · Agronomy Journal · doi:10.1002/agj2.21411 · Cited by 10
Manyaku, A., Witbooi, H., & Laubscher, C. P. (2024) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app14124966 · Cited by 10
Regenerative Nutrient Management Practices for Enhancing Plant Nutrition and Soil Health
Biswas, S., Singh, S., & Bera, A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-6691-8_10 · Cited by 13
Wang, S., Wang, Z., Zhuang, Q., Adhikari, K., Bol, R. A., Wang, Y., Zhang, X., Jin, X., & Qian, F. (2023) · Geoderma Regional · doi:10.1016/j.geodrs.2023.e00655 · Cited by 10
“7 evaporation, promoting the release of SOC (Fantappiè et al., 2011; Aguilera et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2018; Reyes Rojas et al., 2018).”
BackgroundCarbon sequestration by grass, crucifer and legume groundcovers in olive orchards
de Torres, M. A. R.-R., Ordóñez‐Fernández, R., Moreno‐García, M., García, J. M., & Carbonell-Bojollo, R. M. (2018) · Journal of Water and Climate Change · doi:10.2166/wcc.2018.371 · Cited by 10
Yu, O. T., Greenhut, R. F., O'Geen, A. T., Mackey, B. E., Horwáth, W. R., & Steenwerth, K. L. (2019) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj2018.09.0345 · Cited by 10
“age among vineyard zones and soil types over time (Aguilera et al., 2013; Hernández-Montes et al., 2017).”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Aguilera, E., Lassaletta, L., Gattinger, A., & Gimeno, B. S.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide (ES)
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES)
- Forschungsinstitut für Biologischen Landbau (CH)
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Aguilera, Eduardo
- Venue
- Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-03
- Volume
- 168
- Pages
- 25-36
- ISSN
- 0167-8809 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2000804079
- Cited by
- 482
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 3.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment (publishedVersion)
- Organic Eprints (International Centre for Research in Organic Food Systems, and Research Institute of Organic Agriculture) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil erosion and sediment transport
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Management and Crop Yield
- Keywords
- soil organic carbon, soil carbon sequestration, Mediterranean cropping systems, climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, conservation tillage, no-tillage, reduced tillage, organic amendments, cover crops, land treatment, slurry application, land degradation, desertification
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