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Maternal age and the risk of stillbirth throughout pregnancy in the United States
Abstract
Objective The objective of the study was to examine the relationship of maternal age with stillbirth risk throughout gestation. Study design A total of 5,458,735 singleton gestations without reported congenital anomalies from the 2001 to 2002 National Center for Health Statistics perinatal mortality and natality files were analyzed. Hazard rates (risk) of stillbirth (fetal death 20 weeks or longer) were calculated for each week of gestation. Results The risk of stillbirth at 37 to 41 weeks for women 35 to 39 years old was 1 in 382 ongoing pregnancies and for women 40 years old or older, 1 in 267 ongoing pregnancies. Compared with women younger than 35 years old, the relative risk of stillbirth was 1.32 (95% confidence interval 1.22, 1.43) for women 35 to 39 years old and 1.88 (95% confidence interval 1.64, 2.16) for women 40 years old or older at 37 to 41 weeks. This effect of maternal age persisted despite accounting for medical disease, parity, and race/ethnicity. Conclusion Women who are of advanced maternal age are at higher risk of stillbirth throughout gestation; the peak risk period is 37 to 41 weeks.
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“These concerns are rooted in the established link between advanced maternal age and an escalation in complications during childbirth, such as preterm deliveries and stillbirths [6–8].”
From Age-related disparities in national maternal mortality trends: A population-based study (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
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Smith, G. C. S., & Fretts, R. C. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61723-1 · Cited by 292
Metadata
- Authors
- Reddy, U. M., Ko, C.-W., & Willinger, M.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- ORCID
- Reddy, Uma M.
- Venue
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-09
- Volume
- 195
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 764-770
- ISSN
- 0002-9378 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1974462903
- Cited by
- 334
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 19.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Global Maternal and Child Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and fetal healthcare
- Keywords
- maternal age, advanced maternal age, stillbirth, perinatal mortality, fetal death, singleton pregnancy, gestational age, risk factors, parity, race and ethnicity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Black or African American, Female, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Maternal Age, Parity, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Risk Factors, United States, Stillbirth
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