Counting on Change: Conquering Challenges in Teaching Pharmaceutical Calculations
Abstract
All pharmacists are expected to accurately perform pharmaceutical calculations to ensure patient safety. In recent years, there have been trends in declining performance on the North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination related to calculations. Understanding the cause of this decline and determining methods to correct underlying issues could benefit pharmacy administration, faculty, students, and patients. The aims of this commentary are to present the factors impacting the students' pharmaceutical calculations abilities, discuss the consequences of declining math skills, and provide a call to action for scholarship of teaching and learning pertaining to calculations, as well as increased administrative support to rectify this challenge.
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Approximately 30% of pharmacy students earned a level 1 or 2 in the Foundational Knowledge for Pharmacy Practice domain, which includes pharmaceutical calculations concepts.
“approximately 30% of pharmacy students earned a level 1 or 2 in the Foundational Knowledge for Pharmacy Practice domain, which includes pharmaceutical calculations concepts [5].”
From A Descriptive Website Review of Publicized PharmD Pre-Matriculation Programs (2026) · cites this paper as [5]
Pharmaceutical calculations remain a common area of difficulty for many pharmacy students.
“we also recognize that pharmaceutical calculations remain a common area of difficulty for many pharmacy students.”
From A Descriptive Website Review of Publicized PharmD Pre-Matriculation Programs (2026) · cites this paper as [5]
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A Descriptive Website Review of Publicized PharmD Pre-Matriculation Programs
Bessard, C. C., Oliver, K. B., Yu, F., & Fujiwara, R. (2026) · Pharmacy · doi:10.3390/pharmacy14060131
- Authors
- Crawford, A. N., Anksorus, H. N., Clark Dula, C. A., Fredrickson, M. E., Peddi, A. N., Riley, B. L., Wisniewski, J. N., & Wu, S.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Northeast Ohio Medical University (US)
- Marshall University (US)
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Crawford, Alexis N.
- Anksorus, Heidi N.
- Fredrickson, Mary E.
- Peddi, Apryl N.
- Riley, Brittany L.
- Wisniewski, Jennifer N.
- Wu, Sharon
- Venue
- American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-09
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 101259
- ISSN
- 0002-9459 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4401486302
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 3
- FWCI
- 4.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacy and Medical Practices
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Innovations in Medical Education
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › Mathematics Education and Programs
- Keywords
- medication calculation, pharmacy education, scholarship of teaching and learning, patient safety
- MeSH terms
- Curriculum, Education, Pharmacy, Educational Measurement, Humans, Licensure, Pharmacy, Mathematics, Pharmacists, Students, Pharmacy, Teaching, Drug Dosage Calculations
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