Academic and Educational Outcomes of Children With ADHD
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with poor grades, poor reading and math standardized test scores, and increased grade retention. ADHD is also associated with increased use of school-based services, increased rates of detention and expulsion, and ultimately with relatively low rates of high school graduation and postsecondary education. Children in community samples who show symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity with or without formal diagnoses of ADHD also show poor academic and educational outcomes. Pharmacologic treatment and behavior management are associated with reduction of the core symptoms of ADHD and increased academic productivity, but not with improved standardized test scores or ultimate educational attainment. Future research must use conceptually based outcome measures in prospective, longitudinal, and community-based studies to determine which pharmacologic, behavioral, and educational interventions can improve academic and educational outcomes of children with ADHD.
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Children with ADHD are more likely to show academic underachievement, poor academic performance, and educational problems compared to children without the diagnosis.
“Thus, it is not surprising that children with ADHD are more likely to show academic underachievement, poor academic performance, and educational problems compared to their counterparts without the diagnosis [8].”
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References 78 · Cited by 252
- Authors
- Loe, I. M., & Feldman, H. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Feldman, Heidi M.
- Venue
- Ambulatory Pediatrics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-01
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 82-90
- ISSN
- 1530-1567 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2134835619
- Cited by
- 252
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 1.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Ambulatory Pediatrics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, educational outcomes, educational attainment, academic performance, standardized test scores, school retention, high school graduation, pharmacotherapy, behavior management, educational intervention, children
- MeSH terms
- Achievement, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Educational Measurement, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Learning Disabilities, Male, School Health Services
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