The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Prevalence of multiple chronic disease risk factors
Abstract
Background Four common factors--cigarette smoking, risky drinking of alcoholic beverages, physical inactivity, and overweight--contribute substantially to chronic disease prevalence.Methods We used data from the 2001 National Health Interview Survey to provide an up-to-date picture of multiple risk factor prevalence and clustering in the U.S. population. We conducted a multinomial logit analysis to examine the independent association between each covariate and the dependent ordinal risk factor variable with three levels (none or one risk factor, two risk factors, and three or four risk factors).Results Seventeen percent of the sample of 29,183 subjects had three or more risk factors. For the entire sample, the mean number of risk factors was 1.68 (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.66-1.70). Many demographic and health factors were significantly associated with the mean number of risk factors including gender, age, ethnic/racial categories, education, martial status, presence of chronic diseases, level of mental distress, country of birth, and presence and type of health insurance. Using the risk factor score as the ordinal dependent variable, adjusted odds for having a risk score of three or four versus zero or one were as follows: men aged <65, 2.49 (95% CI=2.29-2.72); education attainment of high school graduate or less, 3.24 (95% CI=2.86-3.67); and individuals with high levels of mental distress, 2.06 (95% CI=1.65-2.58).Conclusions Our analyses confirm earlier reports of the high prevalence of multiple, clustered behavioral risk factors and underline the challenge this presents for primary care and public health systems.
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“In the United States, the majority of adults have more than 1 out of the 4 main health risks (smoking, risky alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and overweight ) [15]”
From Personal Health Technologies in Employee Health Promotion: Usage Activity, Usefulness, and Health-Related Outcomes in a 1-Year Randomized Controlled Trial (2013) · cites this paper as [15]
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Multimorbidity in Older Adults
Salive, M. E. (2013) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/epirev/mxs009 · Cited by 1,366
Oyserman, D. (2009) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2009.05.008 · Cited by 651
Multiple health behavior change research: An introduction and overview
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A systematic review on the clustering and co-occurrence of multiple risk behaviours
Meader, N., King, K., Moe‐Byrne, T., Wright, K. E., Graham, H. M., Petticrew, M. P., Power, C., White, M. J., & Sowden, A. J. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3373-6 · Cited by 588
The prevalence and clustering of four major lifestyle risk factors in an English adult population
Poortinga, W. (2006) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.10.006 · Cited by 569
Metadata
- Authors
- Fine, L. J., Philogene, G. S., Gramling, R., Coups, E. J., & Sinha, S.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Brown University (US)
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fine, Lawrence J
- Venue
- American Journal of Preventive Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-08
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 18-24
- ISSN
- 0749-3797 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1519124291
- Cited by
- 434
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 11.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health and Lifestyle Studies
- Keywords
- risk factor clustering, cigarette smoking, hazardous drinking, physical inactivity, overweight, behavioral risk factors, prevalence, demographic associations, psychological distress, educational attainment, health insurance, primary care
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Chronic Disease, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Insurance, Health, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Risk Factors, Smoking, United States, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Prevalence
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