Cited by 171Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy and Associated PhenomenaAcute Myocardial Infarction ResearchCardiac Imaging and Diagnostics

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Spectrum and Significance of Electrocardiographic Patterns, Troponin Levels, and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Frame Count in Patients With Stress (Tako-tsubo) Cardiomyopathy and Comparison to Those in Patients With ST-Elevation Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction

Sharkey, Scott W., Lesser, John R., Menon, Madhav, Parpart, Mary, Maron, Martin S., Maron, Barry J.·2008·The American Journal of Cardiology

DOI 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.02.062

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Abstract

Stress (takotsubo) cardiomyopathy (SC) is a recently recognized syndrome with clinical and electrocardiographic (ECG) presentation resembling ST elevation anterior myocardial infarction. As experience with this condition has evolved, a more diverse spectrum of 12-lead ECG patterns has emerged that may affect differential diagnosis. Fifty-nine consecutive patients with SC were prospectively identified at a large community-based cardiology practice. All were women aged 32 to 90 years (mean 66+/-13) with acute chest pain triggered by emotional or physical incidents and with akinesia of the mid-distal left ventricle; each patient recovered and was discharged within a median of 4 days. On electrocardiography, anterior ST elevation was most common (33 [56%]), with magnitudes less than in controls with left anterior descending coronary artery occlusions (1.4+/-1.5 vs 2.4+/-2.2 mm, p<0.001), with considerable overlap. ECG findings in 26 other patients (44%) without ST elevation revealed diffuse T-wave inversion (10 [17%]) and healed anterior infarctions (6 [10%]) or were nonspecific (5 [8.5%]) or normal (5 [8.5%]). Troponin elevations occurred in 56 patients with SC (95%). The mean peak troponin T level was significantly lower in patients with SC (0.64+/-0.86 ng/ml) than in those with left anterior descending coronary artery occlusions (3.88+/-4.9 ng/ml) (p<0.0001). Patients with SC with or without ST elevation did not differ with respect to the ejection fraction (29+/-9% vs 34+/-9%, respectively, p=NS) or Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) frame counts. During recovery, diffuse T-wave inversion evolved in 49 patients with SC (83%). In conclusion, patients with SC present with diverse ECG findings, and no single pattern alone can reliably distinguish this condition from acute coronary syndromes. The diagnosis of SC requires heightened awareness of its unique clinical profile as well as coronary arteriography and left ventriculography.

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Self-citation
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Background
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de Chazal, H. M., Buono, M. G. D., Keyser‐Marcus, L., Ma, L., Moeller, F. G., Berrocal, D. H., & Abbate, A. (2018) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.07.072 · Cited by 554
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BackgroundInfluential
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Result
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Background
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“Concerning biomarkers, it is true no elevation of the biomarkers has been reported in about 5% of cases of this syndrome [4, 51, 52], but there is typically a slight increase in the creatine kinase MB and in troponins I and T, although at lower levels than occur with acute myocardial infarction [2,3, 39, 51,53].”
Background
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Self-citation
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy has a unique cardiac biomarker profile: NT-proBNP/myoglobin and NT-proBNP/troponin T ratios for the differential diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes and stress induced cardiomyopathy
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Background
Clinical correlates and prognostic significance of electrocardiographic abnormalities in apical ballooning syndrome (Takotsubo/stress-induced cardiomyopathy)
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“3 Introduction We and others have called attention to a peculiar form of reversible cardiomyopathy, which usually occurs in the setting of emotional or physical stress.(1-10) This syndrome of stress-related cardiomyopathy (SCM) has been given various names, in part depending on the geometric pattern of systolic dysfun…”
Background
Stress Cardiomyopathy
Akashi, Y. J., NEF, H. M., Möllmann, H., & Ueyama, T. (2009) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev.med.041908.191750 · Cited by 96
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Background
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“Nevertheless, it is doubtful that TC can be distinguished from a MI based on ECG changes alone.(16,20,21)”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
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“In general, the magnitude of cardiac biomarkers elevation is less than in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) but similar in non-STEMI and disproportionately lower than the extent of LV dysfunction.(40,41) These findings may reflect the underlying pathophysiologic mechanism of myocardial stunningwith le…”
BackgroundMethod
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BackgroundResultInfluential
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Self-citation
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BackgroundMethod
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“Furthermore, the routine early invasive approach currently recommended in high-risk acute coronary syndromes likely leads to an increased capture of TLVBS as increasing numbers of coronary angiograms with ventriculograms are being performed [10].”
BackgroundResult
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiology and role of cardiac biomarkers in differential diagnosis
Gopalakrishnan, P. P., Zaidi, R., & Sardar, M. R. (2017) · World Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.4330/wjc.v9.i9.723 · Cited by 46
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“Previous studies have produced differing ECG findings [2–4,6–9].”
Result
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“The initial electrocardiogram (ECG) usually demonstrates ST-segment elevation, most frequently in the anterior leads [2].”
Background
QT Prolongation and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
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Background
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“The differential diagnosis can be based on the presence of relatively remarkable elevation of the concentration level of BNP compared with TnT; for this reason, Ahmed et al proposed the BNP–TnT ratio as a potential and useful tool for differential diagnosis.49 Moreover, the pattern of troponin elevation differs consid…”
MethodInfluential
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Background
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“The onset of TTC can be triggered by an acute, intense emotional stress [1-5], but the exact pathogenic mechanisms linking emotional stress to TTC still remain undefined [6, 7].”
Background
Lupus Myopericarditis as a Preceding Stressor for Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
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Self-citation
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“In TTS, the troponin (Tn) rise in serum is low, contrasting with the dramatic extent of myocardial dysfunction [10].”
Background
Reverse takotsubo cardiomyopathy: after an episode of serotonin syndrome.
Mehta, N. K., Aurigemma, G. P., Rafeq, Z., & Starobin, O. E. (2011) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 28
“Lambda‐wave” ST ‐elevation is associated with severe prognosis in stress (takotsubo) cardiomyopathy
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Postpartum Depression and Apical Ballooning Syndrome (Takotsubo Syndrome)
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Takotsubo Syndrome: Clinical Manifestations, Etiology and Pathogenesis
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“Troponin T peak in patients with AMI is 6- fold higher than in patients with stress cardiomyopathy [60].”
Background
Comparison of Circadian Rhythm Patterns in Tako-tsubo Cardiomyopathy Versus ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Sharkey, S. W., Lesser, J. R., Garberich, R., Pink, V. R., Maron, M. S., & Maron, B. J. (2012) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.04.060 · Cited by 27
Self-citation
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“These patients, however, quite often only display a modest rise in troponin level in comparison to the degree of left ventricular dysfunction and studies have suggested patients with high troponin levels at presentation are unlikely to have Takotsubo cardiomyopathy [38,39].”
Differential diagnosis at admission between Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and acute apical-anterior myocardial infarction in postmenopausal women
Zorzi, A., Baritussio, A., ElMaghawry, M., Siciliano, M., Migliore, F., Marra, M. P., Iliceto, S., & Corrado, D. (2015) · European Heart Journal Acute Cardiovascular Care · doi:10.1177/2048872615585515 · Cited by 26
ST-segment deviation pattern of takotsubo cardiomyopathy similar to acute pericarditis: Diffuse ST-segment elevation
Zhong-qun, Z., Chong‐quan, W., Sclarovsky, S., Nikus, K. C., Chao-rong, H., & Shan, M. (2012) · Journal of Electrocardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2012.11.013 · Cited by 25
Left ventricular function after takotsubo is not fully recovered in long-term follow-up: A speckle tracking echocardiography study
Nowak, R., Fijalkowska, M., Gilis‐Malinowska, N., Jaguszewski, M. J., Gałąska, R., Rojek, A., Narkiewicz, K., Gruchała, M., & Fijałkowski, M. (2017) · Cardiology Journal · doi:10.5603/cj.a2017.0001 · Cited by 24
Takotsubo Myocardiopathy and Hyperthyroidism: A Case Report and Literature Review
Rueda, D. A., Aguirre, R., Contardo, D. M., Finocchietto, P. V., Hernandez, S. F., & di Fonzo, H. (2017) · American Journal of Case Reports · doi:10.12659/ajcr.905121 · Cited by 24
“In TM, the MRI may show an isolated mid-wall or subepicardial pattern of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), whereas either subendocardial or transmural LGE is observed in AMI [11,12].”
ResultInfluential
Distinctive Electrocardiographic Features in African Americans Diagnosed with Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
Franco, E., Dias, A. M., Koshkelashvili, N., Pressman, G. S., Hebert, K. A., & Figueredo, V. M. (2016) · Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology · doi:10.1111/anec.12337 · Cited by 23
Stress-Induced Cardiomyopathy and Psychological Wellbeing 1 Year After an Acute Event
Compare, A., Grossi, E., Bigi, R., Proietti, R., Shonin, E., Orrego, P. S., & Poole, L. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-013-9380-1 · Cited by 22
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
Sharkey, S. W. (2013) · Heart Failure Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.hfc.2012.12.006 · Cited by 21
Self-citation
Endogenous stress response in Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy and acute myocardial infarction
Meissner, J., NEF, H. M., Darga, J., Kovács, M., Weber, M. W., Hamm, C. W., Möllmann, H., Twerenbold, R., Reiter, M., Heinisch, C., et al. (2011) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2011.02487.x · Cited by 21
Comparison of troponin and natriuretic peptides in Takotsubo syndrome and acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis
Couch, L. S., Garrard, J., Henry, J. A., Kotronias, R. A., Alaour, B., Maria, G. L. D., Channon, K. M., BANNING, A. P., Lyon, A. R., Marber, M. S., et al. (2024) · Open Heart · doi:10.1136/openhrt-2024-002607 · Cited by 21
“30-minute-delta” of high-sensitivity troponin I improves diagnostic performance in acute myocardial infarction
Yokoyama, H., Higuma, T., Endo, T., Nishizaki, F., Hanada, K., Yokota, T., Yamada, M., Okumura, K., & Tomita, H. (2017) · Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jjcc.2017.08.003 · Cited by 19
“reported that cTn elevations occurred in 95% of patients with takotsubo cardiomyopathy and those with AMI during hospitalization; however, the mean peak cTn level was significantly lower in patients with takotsubo cardiomyopathy [14].”
Background
Stress Cardiomyopathy
Sharma, A., Singh, J. P., & Heist, E. K. (2011) · Critical Pathways in Cardiology A Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1097/hpc.0b013e31822f4d37 · Cited by 18
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy – An unexpected complication in spine surgery
Hammer, N., Kühne, C., Meixensberger, J., Hänsel, B., & Winkler, D. F. H. (2014) · International Journal of Surgery Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2014.10.002 · Cited by 17
Two Unusual Cases of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Presenting With Sudden Cardiac Death
Mathew, B., & Villarreal, D. (2009) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/maj.0b013e3181956f49 · Cited by 16
Stress cardiomyopathy syndrome: A contemporary review
Kapoor, D., & Bybee, K. A. (2009) · Current Heart Failure Reports · doi:10.1007/s11897-009-0036-2 · Cited by 16
“All large cohort reports of SC have shown that most patients presenting with the syndrome are postmenopausal women [2,6,10,12, 15 ,18].”
BackgroundInfluential
Coronary vasospasm is an unlikely cause of Takotsubo syndrome, although we should keep an open mind
Madias, J. E. (2014) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.06.069 · Cited by 15
Electrocardiogram changes and wall motion abnormalities in the acute phase of Tako-Tsubo syndrome
Weihs, V., Szücs, D., Fellner, B., Eber, B., Weihs, W., Lambert, T., Metzler, B., Titscher, G., Hochmayer, B., Dechant, C., et al. (2015) · European Heart Journal Acute Cardiovascular Care · doi:10.1177/2048872615598630 · Cited by 14
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy associated with status epilepticus
Seow, S., Lee, Y. ‐., Teo, S.-G., Hong, E. C. T., & Lee, C. (2008) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02125.x · Cited by 14
Discrimination of stress (Takotsubo) cardiomyopathy from acute coronary syndrome with clinical risk factors and coronary evaluation in real-world clinical practice
Lee, S., Lee, S. E., Rhee, T., Park, J. J., Cho, H., Lee, H., Choi, D., & Oh, B. (2017) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.02.071 · Cited by 13
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and transient thyrotoxicosis during combination therapy with interferon-alpha and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C
Martin, C. S., Ionescu, L. N., Barbu, C. G., Sîrbu, A. M., Lambrescu, I. M., Lăcău, I. S., Dimulescu, D. R., & Fica, S. V. (2014) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/1472-6823-14-10 · Cited by 13
“This catecholamine hypotesis is also supported by the rat models, where Takostubo has been prevented with adrenergic blockade, by sampling of cardiac catecholamine levels in TCM [31] and by the reported cases in association with pheochromocytoma [32] and use of exogenous sympathomimetics.”
Background
It’s a Trap! Clinical Similarities and Subtle ECG Differences between Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy and Myocardial Infarction
Vivo, R. P., Krim, S. R., & Hodgson, J. (2008) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-008-0768-9 · Cited by 13
THROMBOLYSIS IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION FRAME COUNT IN TAKOTSUBO CARDIOMYOPATHY
Khalid, N. M., Iqbal, I., & Ikram, S. (2013) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(13)60051-0 · Cited by 12
Takotsubo Syndrome and Oxidative Stress: Physiopathological Linkage and Future Perspectives
Mauriello, A., Giudice, C. D., Vecchio, G. E. D., Correra, A., Maratea, A. C., Grieco, M., Amata, A., Quagliariello, V., Maurea, N., Proietti, R., et al. (2025) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox14050522 · Cited by 13
“Several studies based on thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count, coronary flow reserve (CFR), and myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) showed impaired coronary flow in specific left ventricular segments, which contributes to myocardial dysfunction in TTS patients [56,60,61].”
NATIONAL EXPERIENCE WITH WEARABLE CARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATOR USE IN TAKOTSUBO CARDIOMYOPATHY
Deeprasertkul, P., Opreanu, M., Bianco, N. R., & Thakur, R. K. (2013) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(13)60361-7 · Cited by 12
“Repolarization abnormalities predisposing to VA are often observed in TCM patients, including diffuse T-wave inversion and QT prolongation.(18) This pattern of electrocardiographic changes may also be seen in patients with hyperadrenergic states.”
Background
Coronary microvascular dysfunction in Takotsubo syndrome: cause or consequence.
Y‐Hassan, S. (2021) · PubMed Central · Cited by 12
Can apical ballooning cardiomyopathy and anterior STEMI be differentiated based on β1 and β2-adrenergic receptors polymorphisms?
Vriz, O., Minisini, R., Zito, C., Boccato, E., Fimiani, F., Pirisi, M., Facciolo, C., Limongelli, G., Bossone, E., & Calabrò, P. (2015) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.07.054 · Cited by 12
Implications of Using the Cabrera Sequence for Diagnosing Acute Coronary Syndrome
Kosuge, M., & Kimura, K. (2016) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.cj-16-0126 · Cited by 12
Broken Heart Syndrome, Neurogenic Stunned Myocardium and Stroke
Dande, A. S., & Pandit, A. S. (2013) · Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11936-013-0235-8 · Cited by 11
Clinical and echocardiographic course in takotsubo cardiomyopathy: Longterm followup from a multicenter study
Matabuena‐Gomez‐Limon, J., Isaza-Arana, S., Robledo-Carmona, J., Alania-Torres, E., Torres-Llergo, J., Valle‐Racero, J. I., López-Pardo, F. J., Martínez‐Martínez, Á., Jiménez-Navarro, M. F., & Urbano-Moral, J. Á. (2016) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.256 · Cited by 11
Mechanisms of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy; role of microcirculatory dysfunction
Khalid, N. M. (2016) · International Cardiovascular Forum Journal · doi:10.17987/icfj.v5i0.237 · Cited by 10
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and midventricular Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: a novel association?
Schimpf, R., Meinhardt, J., Borggrefe, M., & Haghi, D. (2013) · Herzschrittmachertherapie + Elektrophysiologie · doi:10.1007/s00399-013-0248-8 · Cited by 10
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: etiology, diagnosis, and optimal management
Liang, J. J., & Wan, S. (2014) · Research Reports in Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.2147/rrcc.s46021 · Cited by 10
“41 On cardiac angiography, the coronary arteries do not demonstrate coronary artery occlusions corresponding to the degree and areas of left ventricular dysfunction.”
Differences in Initial Electrocardiographic Findings of Apical Takotsubo Syndrome According to the Time from Symptom Onset
Isogai, T., Yoshikawa, T., Yamaguchi, T., Arao, K., Ueda, T., Imori, Y., Maekawa, Y., Murakami, T., Yamamoto, T., Nagao, K., et al. (2018) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.07.042 · Cited by 10
Assessment with intracoronary pressure and flow guidewire, at baseline and after intracoronary adenosine infusion, in a patient with Takotsubo syndrome
Bayón, J., Santás‐Álvarez, M., Ocaranza‐Sánchez, R., & González‐Juanatey, C. (2019) · Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia · doi:10.1016/j.repc.2017.08.014 · Cited by 9
A Change of Heart
Tsai, T. T., Nallamothu, B. K., Prasad, A., Saint, S. K., & Bates, E. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmcps0903023 · Cited by 9
The Role of Echo cardiography in Diagnosis and Follow Up of Patients with Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy or Acute Ballooning Syndrome
Naser, N., Buksa, M., Kušljugić, Z., Terzić, I., Sokolović, Š., & Hodžić, E. (2011) · Medical Archives · doi:10.5455/medarh.2011.65.287-290 · Cited by 9
“5% of all patients presenting with an initial clinically suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (1, 9, 10, 11, 12, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20).”
BackgroundInfluential
Low MMP-8/TIMP-1 reflects left ventricle impairment in takotsubo cardiomyopathy and high TIMP-1 may help to differentiate it from acute coronary syndrome
Parkkonen, O., Nieminen, M. T., Vesterinen, P., Tervahartiala, T. I., Perola, M., Salomaa, V. V., Jousilahti, P., Sorsa, T. A., Pussinen, P. J., & Sinisalo, J. P. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173371 · Cited by 9
Sepsis İlişkili Miyokardiyal Depresyon ve Takotsubo Sendromu
Arslantaş, M. K., Altun, G. T., & Cinel, İ. (2015) · Türk yoğun bakım derneği dergisi/Türk yoğun bakım dergisi · doi:10.4274/tybdd.85547 · Cited by 8
A Score to differentiate Takotsubo syndrome from non-ST-elevation myocardial nfarction in women at the bedside
Looi, J., Poppe, K., Lee, M., Gilmore, J., Webster, M. W. I., To, A. C. Y., & Kerr, A. (2020) · Open Heart · doi:10.1136/openhrt-2019-001197 · Cited by 8
Can longitudinal strain analysis differentiate between Takotsubo syndrome and acute coronary syndrome?
Wilk, A., Król, W., Żarek-Starzewska, A., Ziemska‐Gorczyca, M., Tetera, W., Konopka, M. A., Binkiewicz‐Orluk, M., & Braksator, W. (2022) · Echocardiography · doi:10.1111/echo.15510 · Cited by 8
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Following Recurrent Doses of Albuterol Due to Asthma Attack: A Very Rare Case Report
Parsa, S. A., Khaheshi, I., Memaryan, M., & Naderian, M. (2016) · Future Cardiology · doi:10.2217/fca-2016-0040 · Cited by 8
Comparison of on-admission ST-segment elevation tako-tsubo patients and myocardial infarction women: in-hospital course and long-term follow-up.
Pawlak, M., Roik, M. F., Kochanowski, J., Ścisło, P., Kowalik, R., Huczek, Z., Dąbrowska, K., & Opolski, G. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 8
Psychiatric Symptoms, Personality Profile, and Takotsubo Syndrome: Clinical Considerations
Wittstein, I. S., Proietti, R., & Compare, A. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-5650-7_6 · Cited by 7
Iatrogenic Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Following Overdose Norepinephrine Administration During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Chen, Y., Lai, H., Lee, W.-L., & Liu, T.-J. (2020) · International Heart Journal · doi:10.1536/ihj.20-118 · Cited by 7
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: Completely simple but not so easy
Napp, L. C., Ghadri, J. R., Cammann, V. L., Bauersachs, J. K., & Templin, C. (2015) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.06.043 · Cited by 7
“1), a feature which is supposed to discriminate between ACS and TTCM with high specificity [9].”
Background
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and microvascular dysfunction
Chhabra, L., & Sareen, P. (2015) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.05.161 · Cited by 7
“The mean TFC prolongation was however only modest in that study (5 and 7 counts in LAD and LCx arteries respectively), suggesting thatmicrovascular dysfunction plays only aminor role in the pathogenesis of TC [5].”
Result

Authors: Sharkey, S. W., Lesser, J. R., Menon, M., Parpart, M., Maron, M. S., & Maron, B. J.
Affiliations: Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation (US)
Tufts Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: Maron, Barry J.
ORCID: Sharkey, Scott W.
Lesser, John R.
Menon, Madhav
Maron, Martin S.
Maron, Barry J.
Venue: The American Journal of Cardiology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2008-06
Volume: 101
Issue: 12
Pages: 1723-1728
ISSN: 0002-9149 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.02.062
OpenAlex: W1992921450
Cited by: 171
References: 24
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 8.49
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: The American Journal of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy and Associated Phenomena
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Acute Myocardial Infarction Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
Keywords: takotsubo cardiomyopathy, ST-elevation myocardial infarction, electrocardiographic pattern, troponin T, TIMI frame count, T-wave inversion, differential diagnosis, acute coronary syndrome, left anterior descending artery occlusion, ejection fraction, women, emotional stress, physical stress, chest pain, coronary angiography
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Electrocardiography, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Thrombolytic Therapy, Troponin T, Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy

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Spectrum and Significance of Electrocardiographic Patterns, Troponin Levels, and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Frame Count in Patients With Stress (Tako-tsubo) Cardiomyopathy and Comparison to Those in Patients With ST-Elevation Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction

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