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Muscle Mass Index As a Predictor of Longevity in Older Adults
Open accessAbstract
Objective Obesity (as defined by body mass index) has not been associated consistently with higher mortality in older adults. However, total body mass includes fat and muscle, which have different metabolic effects. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that greater muscle mass in older adults is associated with lower all-cause mortality.Methods All-cause mortality was analyzed by the year 2004 in 3659 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III who were aged 55 years or more (65 years if women) at the time of the survey (1988-1994). Individuals who were underweight or died in the first 2 years of follow-up were excluded to remove frail elders from the sample. Skeletal muscle mass was measured using bioelectrical impedance, and muscle mass index was defined as muscle mass divided by height squared. Modified Poisson regression and proportional hazards regression were used to examine the relationship of muscle mass index with all-cause mortality risk and rate, respectively, adjusted for central obesity (waist hip ratio) and other significant covariates.Results In adjusted analyses, total mortality was significantly lower in the fourth quartile of muscle mass index compared with the first quartile: adjusted risk ratio 0.81 (95% confidence interval, 0.71-0.91) and adjusted hazard ratio 0.80 (95% confidence interval, 0.66-0.97).Conclusions This study demonstrates the survival predication ability of relative muscle mass and highlights the need to look beyond total body mass in assessing the health of older adults.
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“Instead, maintaining a healthy skeletal muscle mass is associated with a lower risk of mortality [1, 2]”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Srikanthan, P., & Karlamangla, A. S.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Srikanthan, Preethi
- Venue
- The American Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-06
- Volume
- 127
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 547-553
- ISSN
- 0002-9343 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4035379
- OpenAlex
- W2116924365
- Cited by
- 382
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 44 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 14.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The American Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (AG028748)
- National Institute on Aging (P30AG028748)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Keywords
- muscle mass index, skeletal muscle mass, all-cause mortality, longevity, older adults, obesity paradox, body mass index, abdominal obesity, frailty, bioimpedance, mortality prediction
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Composition, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longevity, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Risk, United States, Body Mass Index, Poisson Distribution, Logistic Models, Proportional Hazards Models, Electric Impedance, Muscle, Skeletal, Obesity, Abdominal
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